Mu kupanga mankhwala, kupanga mankhwala ndi kukonza mafakitale, pali mankhwala osavuta koma ogwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana - dichloromethane. Ndi madzi owoneka bwino, owonekera bwino opanda fungo lamphamvu lamphamvu ndipo nthawi zambiri amaonedwa ngati chosungunulira chotetezeka, komabe chimakhala ndi zoopsa zobisika zachitetezo. Chodziwika kuti "chosungunulira cha mafakitale chonse", dichloromethane imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri, pomwe anthu ambiri sadziwa zambiri za momwe amagwirira ntchito, momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso zoopsa zomwe zingachitike. Nkhaniyi ikupereka chidziwitso chokwanira cha mankhwala odziwika bwino a mafakitale awa.
Dichloromethane, yokhala ndi mawonekedwe a molekyulu CH₂Cl₂ komanso yotchedwa methylene chloride, ndi chinthu chachilengedwe chokhala ndi halogenated organic. Pa kutentha kwa chipinda, ndi madzi opanda mtundu komanso owonekera bwino okhala ndi fungo lofooka ngati la ether. Ili ndi kutentha kochepa kwa 39.8℃, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yosasinthasintha kwambiri. Yosungunuka pang'ono m'madzi, imatha kusakanikirana ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe monga ethanol ndi ether. Mosiyana ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe, dichloromethane siiyaka ndipo imatha kuphulika pang'ono, ndipo imakhala ndi chitetezo chapamwamba kwambiri kuposa zinthu zoyaka monga ether ndi petroleum ether. Ichi ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chomwe yasinthira zinthu zoyaka m'malo mwa zinthu zoyaka m'malo ambiri. Pakadali pano, ili ndi mphamvu zokhazikika zamakemikolo ndipo siiwola kutentha kwa chipinda. Imachitapo kanthu kokha ikawonekera pa kuwala, kutentha kwambiri kapena kukhudzana ndi zitsulo za alkali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yocheperako yosungira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.
Pokhala ndi mphamvu yake yabwino kwambiri yosungunula komanso mphamvu zake zokhazikika zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala, dichloromethane ili ndi njira zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito. Mu makampani opanga mankhwala, imagwira ntchito ngati chosungunula chachikulu chopangira maantibayotiki, mavitamini ndi mankhwala ena, omwe amatha kulekanitsa ndikuyeretsa zosakaniza zogwira ntchito kuti zitsimikizire kuti mankhwala ndi oyera. Mu makampani opanga mankhwala ndi zinthu, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri posungunula ndi kukonza ma resin, mapulasitiki ndi ma rabara, ndipo imagwira ntchito ngati chotsukira thovu la polyurethane thovu, kuthandizira kupanga zinthu zopepuka zotetezera kutentha. Kuphatikiza apo, imagwira ntchito ngati chotsukira m'makampani opanga zamagetsi kuti ichotse bwino mabala amafuta ndi zinyalala pazinthu zamagetsi zolondola. M'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, imapezeka mu zochotsa utoto, zopopera za aerosol ndi zotsukira chikopa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga mafakitale.
Ngakhale kuti imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, dichloromethane si yoopsa konse, ndipo zoopsa zake pa thanzi sizinganyalanyazidwe. Ili ndi mankhwala oletsa ululu komanso okwiyitsa pang'ono, ndipo thupi la munthu limapezeka kwambiri kudzera mu kupuma mpweya komanso kukhudzana ndi khungu. Kupezeka nthawi yayitali ndi zinthu zochepa kungayambitse mutu, chizungulire, kutopa, nseru ndi kusasangalala kwina, kukwiyitsa maso, mphuno ndi kupuma, komanso kumabweretsa kupweteka pakhosi, chifuwa, ndi khungu louma. Kupezeka nthawi yochepa ndi zinthu zambiri za dichloromethane kumatha kuletsa mwachangu dongosolo la mitsempha, kumayambitsa kugona ndi chisokonezo, komanso kungayambitse ziwalo zopumira m'mapapo. Choopsa kwambiri n'chakuti, dichloromethane imasintha kukhala zinthu zoopsa m'thupi la munthu. Kupezeka nthawi yayitali ndi zinthu zambiri kumatha kuwononga chiwindi ndi impso, ndipo zatsimikiziridwa kuti zitha kubweretsa khansa, zomwe zimayambitsa kuwonongeka kosalekeza kwa ziwalo za anthu.
Kuwonjezera pa kuvulaza thanzi la anthu, dichloromethane imabweretsanso zoopsa zachilengedwe. Ikayamba kusokonekera mumlengalenga, imakhala yovuta kuwonongeka mwachilengedwe, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kwambiri kudzawonjezera kuipitsidwa kwa mpweya. Kutuluka mwachisawawa m'madzi ndi m'nthaka kudzawononga chilengedwe ndikuyika pachiwopsezo kupulumuka kwa nyama ndi zomera. Kuphatikiza apo, imawononga zinthu wamba zapulasitiki ndi rabara, kotero ziwiya zapadera zomatira zimafunika kuti zisungidwe ndi kunyamulidwa kuti zisatayike chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa zinthu.
Chitetezo chokhazikika ndicho chinsinsi chopewera zoopsa tsiku ndi tsiku komanso m'mafakitale. Ntchito zamafakitale ziyenera kuchitika m'malo otsekedwa okhala ndi mpweya wokwanira kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa. Zophimba nkhope za gasi zimafunika m'malo odzaza kwambiri, ndipo zida zopumira zokha ndizofunikira populumutsa anthu mwadzidzidzi. Ogwira ntchito ayenera kuvala zovala zogwirira ntchito zosalowa madzi, magolovesi oteteza ndi magalasi, ndipo kudya, kumwa ndi kusuta n'koletsedwa pamalo ochitira opaleshoni. Ngati pakhungu pakhudzana ndi khungu, tsukani nthawi yomweyo ndi madzi oyera; funani chithandizo chamankhwala mwachangu ngati madziwo alowa m'maso kapena ngati mupuma kwambiri. Anthu ambiri sayenera kuchita mantha. Zogulitsa zovomerezeka nthawi zonse zimakhala ndi dichloromethane yovomerezeka ndipo ndizotetezeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse, ndipo zimangofunika kupewa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Pomaliza, dichloromethane ndi lupanga lakuthwa konsekonse mumakampani. Ndi mphamvu zake zokhazikika komanso zogwira ntchito bwino, yakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'mafakitale, pomwe imabwera ndi zoopsa zachitetezo. Kumvetsetsa makhalidwe ake ndi zoopsa zake ndikutsata zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kungapangitse kuti ikhale yofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale komanso kuchepetsa mavuto omwe angakhalepo. Kukumana ndi ubwino ndi kuipa kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo mwanzeru ndikuwagwiritsa ntchito mwasayansi ndiye maziko a chitukuko chotetezeka cha makampani amakono a mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-31-2026