OXALIC ACID

Oxalic acidndi organic mankhwala.Mawonekedwe amankhwala ndi H₂C₂O₄.Ndi mankhwala a metabolic a zamoyo.Ndi magawo awiri ofooka asidi.Amagawidwa kwambiri m'matupi a zomera, zinyama, ndi mafangasi.Imagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'zamoyo zosiyanasiyana.Chifukwa chake, oxalic acid nthawi zambiri amawonedwa ngati wotsutsa pakuyamwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zamchere.Anhydride yake ndi carbon trioxide.

Makhalidwe:Pepala lopanda utoto la monoclinic kapena prismatic crystal kapena ufa woyera, oxalic acid wopanda fungo ndi okosijeni, kukoma kwa oxalic acid mwa kaphatikizidwe.Kutsika kwa 150 ~ 160 ℃.Ikhoza kusungidwa mumlengalenga wotentha.1g imasungunuka m'madzi 7mL, 2mL madzi otentha, 2.5mL ethanol, 1.8mL ethanol otentha, 100mL ether, 5.5mL glycerin, ndi osasungunuka mu benzene, chloroform ndi petroleum ether.0.1mol/L yankho lili ndi pH ya 1.3.Kachulukidwe wachibale (madzi = 1) ndi 1.653.Malo osungunuka 189.5 ℃.

Chemical katundu:Oxalic acid, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti glycolic acid, imapezeka kwambiri muzakudya zamasamba.Oxalic acid ndi kristalo wopanda mtundu, wosungunuka m'madzi m'malo mwa zosungunulira zachilengedwe monga ether,

Oxalate imakhala ndi mgwirizano wamphamvu ndipo ndi mtundu wina wazitsulo zopangira zitsulo muzakudya zambewu.Pamene asidi oxalic pamodzi ndi zinthu zamchere dziko lapansi zitsulo, solubility ake kwambiri yafupika, monga kashiamu oxalate pafupifupi insoluble m'madzi.Choncho, kukhalapo kwa oxalic acid kumakhudza kwambiri bioavailability ya mchere wofunikira;Pamene asidi oxalic pamodzi ndi zinthu zina kusintha zitsulo, sungunuka maofesi aumbike chifukwa kugwirizana zochita za asidi oxalic, ndi solubility awo kwambiri.

Oxalic acid idayamba kutsika pa 100 ℃, idatsitsidwa mwachangu ku 125 ℃, ndipo idatsika kwambiri pa 157 ℃, ndikuyamba kuwola.

Imatha kuchita ndi alkali, imatha kupanga esterification, acyl halogenation, amide reaction.Zochita zochepetsera zimathanso kuchitika, ndipo machitidwe a decarboxylation amatha kuchitika pakatentha.Anhydrous oxalic acid ndi hygroscopic.Oxalic acid imapanga zinthu zosungunuka m'madzi zokhala ndi zitsulo zambiri.

Common oxalate:1, sodium oxalate;2, Potaziyamu oxalate;3, Calcium oxalate;4, Ferrous oxalate;5, Antimony oxalate;6, Ammonium hydrogen oxalate;7, Magnesium oxalate 8, Lithium oxalate.

Ntchito:

1. Complexing agent, masking agent, precipitating agent, kuchepetsa.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira beryllium, calcium, chromium, golide, manganese, strontium, thorium ndi ayoni ena zitsulo.Picocrystal kusanthula kwa sodium ndi zinthu zina.Kuchepetsa calcium, magnesium, thorium ndi zinthu zosowa zapadziko lapansi.Standard njira calibration wa potaziyamu permanganate ndi cerous sulfate njira.Bleach.Chithandizo cha utoto.Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuchotsa dzimbiri pa zovala mu makampani yomanga pamaso potsuka kunja khoma ❖ kuyanika, chifukwa khoma zamchere ndi wamphamvu ayenera kaye burashi oxalic asidi alkali.

2. Makampani opanga mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga aureomycin, oxytetracycline, streptomycin, borneol, vitamini B12, phenobarbital ndi mankhwala ena.Makampani osindikizira ndi opaka utoto omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo chamtundu, bleach, zamankhwala apakatikati.Makampani apulasitiki opangira PVC, mapulasitiki amino, urea - mapulasitiki a formaldehyde.

3. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira cha phenolic resin synthesis, chothandizira ndi chochepa, ndondomekoyi imakhala yokhazikika, ndipo nthawi yayitali kwambiri.Acetone oxalate solution imatha kuyambitsa kuchiritsa kwa epoxy resin ndikufupikitsa nthawi yakuchiritsa.Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati kupanga urea formaldehyde resin, melamine formaldehyde resin pH regulator.Itha kuwonjezeredwa ku zomatira zosungunuka zamadzi za polyvinyl formaldehyde kuti muwongolere liwiro lowuma komanso mphamvu yomangirira.Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati urea formaldehyde resin kuchiritsa wothandizira, chitsulo ion chelating agent.Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati accelerant pokonzekera zomatira wowuma ndi KMnO4 oxidant kuti imathandizira kugunda kwa okosijeni ndikufupikitsa nthawi yochitira.

Monga wothandizira bleaching:

Oxalic asidi zimagwiritsa ntchito ngati kuchepetsa wothandizila ndi bulichi, ntchito kupanga maantibayotiki ndi borneol ndi mankhwala ena, komanso kuyenga osowa zitsulo zosungunulira, utoto kuchepetsa wothandizila, pofufuta wothandizira, etc.

Oxalic acid angagwiritsidwenso ntchito popanga cobalt-molybdenum-aluminium catalysts, kuyeretsa zitsulo ndi mabulosi, komanso kuyeretsa nsalu.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa ndi kuchiritsa zitsulo, kutulutsa zinthu zapadziko lapansi, kusindikiza nsalu ndi utoto, kukonza zikopa, kukonzekera kothandizira, ndi zina zambiri.

Monga wothandizira kuchepetsa:

Mu organic kaphatikizidwe makampani zimagwiritsa ntchito kupanga hydroquinone, pentaerythritol, cobalt oxalate, faifi tambala oxalate, asidi gallic ndi mankhwala ena.

Makampani apulasitiki opangira PVC, mapulasitiki amino, urea - mapulasitiki a formaldehyde, utoto, etc.

Makampani opanga utoto amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zobiriwira ndi zina zotero.

Makampani osindikizira ndi opaka utoto amatha kulowa m'malo mwa asidi acetic, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo cha utoto wa pigment, bleaching agent.

Makampani opanga mankhwala opanga aureomycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, ephedrine.

Kuphatikiza apo, oxalic acid amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya oxalate ester, oxalate ndi oxalamide mankhwala, ndi diethyl oxalate, sodium oxalate, calcium oxalate ndi zinthu zina ndizopindulitsa kwambiri.

Njira yosungira:

1. Sindikizani pamalo ouma ndi ozizira.Imateteza kwambiri chinyezi, imateteza madzi komanso imateteza dzuwa.Kutentha kosungirako sikuyenera kupitirira 40 ℃.

2. Khalani kutali ndi ma oxides ndi zinthu zamchere.Gwiritsani ntchito matumba opangidwa ndi polypropylene okhala ndi matumba apulasitiki, 25kg / thumba.

Ponseponse, oxalic acid ndi mankhwala osinthika omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.Katundu wake amaupanga kukhala chisankho choyenera kuyeretsa, kuyenga ndi kuyeretsa, ndipo imakhala ndi ntchito zingapo m'mafakitale a nsalu, minda ndi zitsulo.Komabe, chitetezo chiyenera kutsatiridwa mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa, chifukwa ndi poizoni ndipo akhoza kuvulaza ngati sakugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino.