Asidi wa OXALIC

Oxalic acidndi chinthu chachilengedwe. Mankhwala ake ndi H₂C₂O₄. Ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi zamoyo. Ndi asidi wofooka wa magawo awiri. Amafalikira kwambiri m'matupi a zomera, nyama, ndi bowa. Amagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'zamoyo zosiyanasiyana. Chifukwa chake, oxalic acid nthawi zambiri amaonedwa ngati wotsutsana ndi kuyamwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mchere. Anhydride yake ndi carbon trioxide.

Makhalidwe:Chipepala chopanda utoto cha monoclinic kapena prismatic crystal kapena ufa woyera, oxalic acid yopanda fungo chifukwa cha okosijeni, kukoma kwa oxalic acid chifukwa cha kupanga. Sublimation pa 150 ~ 160 ℃. Itha kusinthidwa mumlengalenga wouma wotentha. 1g imasungunuka m'madzi a 7mL, 2mL madzi otentha, 2.5mL ethanol, 1.8mL ethanol wotentha, 100mL ether, 5.5mL glycerin, ndipo sisungunuka mu benzene, chloroform ndi petroleum ether. 0.1mol/L yankho lili ndi pH ya 1.3. Kuchulukana (madzi = 1) ndi 1.653. Malo osungunuka 189.5 ℃.

Kapangidwe ka mankhwala:Oxalic acid, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti glycolic acid, imapezeka kwambiri muzakudya za zomera. Oxalic acid ndi kristalo yopanda mtundu, yosungunuka m'madzi osati m'zinthu zachilengedwe monga ether,

Oxalate imakhala ndi mphamvu yogwirizanitsa zinthu ndipo ndi mtundu wina wa chothandizira chachitsulo mu chakudya cha zomera. Pamene oxalic acid iphatikizidwa ndi zinthu zina zachitsulo za alkaline earth, kusungunuka kwake kumachepa kwambiri, monga calcium oxalate imakhala yosasungunuka m'madzi. Chifukwa chake, kupezeka kwa oxalic acid kumakhudza kwambiri kupezeka kwa mchere wofunikira; Pamene oxalic acid iphatikizidwa ndi zinthu zina zachitsulo zosinthika, zinthu zosungunuka zimapangidwa chifukwa cha kugwira ntchito kwa oxalic acid, ndipo kusungunuka kwawo kumawonjezeka kwambiri.

Oxalic acid inayamba kusungunuka pang'onopang'ono pa 100℃, kusungunuka mofulumira pa 125℃, ndipo inasungunuka kwambiri pa 157℃, ndipo inayamba kuwola.

Imatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi alkali, imatha kupanga esterification, acyl halogenation, amide reaction. Kuchepetsa kumatha kuchitikanso, ndipo kusintha kwa decarboxylation kumatha kuchitika kutentha. Anhydrous oxalic acid ndi hygroscopic. Oxalic acid imapanga ma complexes osungunuka m'madzi okhala ndi zitsulo zambiri.

Oxalate wamba:1, Sodium oxalate; 2, Potassium oxalate; 3, Calcium oxalate; 4, Ferrous oxalate; 5, Antimony oxalate; 6, Ammonium hydrogen oxalate; 7, Magnesium oxalate 8, Lithium oxalate.

Ntchito:

1. Chothandizira kusokoneza, chothandizira kuphimba, chothandizira kuwononga, chothandizira kuchepetsa. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira beryllium, calcium, chromium, golide, manganese, strontium, thorium ndi ma ayoni ena achitsulo. Kusanthula kwa picocrystal kwa sodium ndi zinthu zina. Kuchepetsa calcium, magnesium, thorium ndi zinthu za rare earth. Njira yokhazikika yoyezera potassium permanganate ndi cerous sulfate. Bleach. Chithandizo cha utoto. Ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuchotsa dzimbiri pazovala mumakampani opanga nyumba musanatsuke khoma lakunja, chifukwa alkaline ya khoma ndi yolimba, choyamba muyenera kutsuka oxalic acid alkali.

2. Makampani opanga mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga aureomycin, oxytetracycline, streptomycin, borneol, vitamini B12, phenobarbital ndi mankhwala ena. Makampani osindikizira ndi kupaka utoto amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo cha utoto, bleach, mankhwala othandizira. Makampani opanga mapulasitiki opangira PVC, mapulasitiki a amino, mapulasitiki a urea-formaldehyde.

3. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira kupanga phenolic resin, catalytic reaction ndi yofatsa, njirayi ndi yokhazikika, ndipo nthawi yake ndi yayitali kwambiri. Acetone oxalate solution imatha kuyambitsa kuchiritsa kwa epoxy resin ndikufupikitsa nthawi yochiritsa. Imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati synthetic urea formaldehyde resin, melamine formaldehyde resin pH regulator. Itha kuwonjezeredwa mu polyvinyl formaldehyde water-soluble glue kuti iwonjezere liwiro louma ndi mphamvu yolumikizirana. Imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati urea formaldehyde resin curing agent, metal ion chelating agent. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati accelerant yokonzekera starch glues yokhala ndi KMnO4 oxidant kuti ifulumizitse kuchuluka kwa oxidation ndikufupikitsa nthawi yochitira.

Monga chotsukira tsitsi:

Oxalic acid imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati chochepetsera ndi choyeretsera, imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga maantibayotiki ndi borneol ndi mankhwala ena, komanso kuyeretsa zitsulo zosonkhanitsira, chochepetsera utoto, choyeretsera khungu, ndi zina zotero.

Oxalic acid ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito popanga zinthu zoyeretsera zinthu monga cobalt-molybdenum-aluminium, kuyeretsa zitsulo ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali, komanso kuyeretsa nsalu.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa ndi kuchiza pamwamba pa chitsulo, kuchotsa zinthu za rare earth element, kusindikiza ndi kuyika utoto nsalu, kukonza chikopa, kukonza zinthu zosakaniza, ndi zina zotero.

Monga wothandizira kuchepetsa:

Mu makampani opanga zinthu zachilengedwe, hydroquinone, pentaerythritol, cobalt oxalate, nickel oxalate, gallic acid ndi mankhwala ena amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Makampani opanga mapulasitiki opangira PVC, mapulasitiki a amino, mapulasitiki a urea - formaldehyde, utoto, ndi zina zotero.

Makampani opanga utoto amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu zobiriwira ndi zina zotero.

Makampani osindikizira ndi kupaka utoto amatha kulowa m'malo mwa acetic acid, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo cha utoto wa pigment, komanso ngati choyeretsera utoto.

Makampani opanga mankhwala opangira aureomycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, ndi ephedrine.

Kuphatikiza apo, oxalic acid ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana za oxalate ester, oxalate ndi oxalamide, ndipo diethyl oxalate, sodium oxalate, calcium oxalate ndi zinthu zina ndizo zopindulitsa kwambiri.

Njira yosungira:

1. Tsekani pamalo ouma komanso ozizira. Sanyowa kwambiri, salowa madzi komanso salowa dzuwa. Kutentha kosungira sikuyenera kupitirira 40℃.

2. Sungani kutali ndi ma oxides ndi zinthu zamchere. Gwiritsani ntchito matumba opangidwa ndi polypropylene okhala ndi matumba apulasitiki, 25kg pa thumba.

Ponseponse, oxalic acid ndi mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Kapangidwe kake kamapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri pakuyeretsa, kuyeretsa ndi kuyeretsa khungu, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana monga nsalu, minda, ndi zitsulo. Komabe, njira zodzitetezera ziyenera kutengedwa mukamagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala awa, chifukwa ndi oopsa ndipo akhoza kukhala oopsa ngati sagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino.