Mu makampani opanga mafuta onunkhira a hydrocarbon, palibe malonda enieni a zinthu zonunkhira pakati pa China ndi United States. Komabe, US imatumiza gawo lalikulu la zinthu zake zonunkhira kuchokera ku Asia, ndipo ogulitsa aku Asia amapanga 40–55% ya zinthu zochokera ku US za benzene, paraxylene (PX), toluene, ndi xylenes zosakanikirana. Zotsatira zazikulu zikuwunikidwa pansipa:
Benzene
China imadalira kwambiri kuitanitsa benzene kuchokera kunja, ndipo South Korea ndiye kampani yayikulu yogulitsa. China ndi US onse ndi ogula benzene, popanda malonda pakati pawo mwachindunji, zomwe zimachepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa misonkho pamsika wa benzene ku China. Mu 2024, zinthu zaku South Korea zidapanga 46% ya zinthu zaku US zomwe zimagulitsidwa kunja. Malinga ndi deta ya kasitomu ku South Korea, South Korea idatumiza matani opitilira 600,000 a benzene ku US mu 2024. Komabe, kuyambira kotala lachinayi la 2023, nthawi yokambirana pakati pa South Korea ndi US idatsekedwa, zomwe zidatumiza mayendedwe a benzene ku South Korea kupita ku China—kampani yayikulu kwambiri ya benzene ku Asia komanso msika wamtengo wapatali—zidawonjezera kwambiri kukakamizidwa kwa China kutumiza kunja. Ngati mitengo ya US iperekedwa popanda kuchotsera benzene yochokera ku mafuta, zinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi zomwe poyamba zinkapita ku US zitha kusamukira ku China, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mitengo ikwere kwambiri. Pansi pake, kutumiza kunja kwa zinthu zochokera ku benzene (monga zida zapakhomo, nsalu) kungakumane ndi mayankho oipa chifukwa cha kukwera kwa mitengo.
Toluene
Kutumiza kwa toluene ku China kwakula pang'onopang'ono m'zaka zaposachedwa, makamaka ku Southeast Asia ndi India, ndi malonda ochepa kwambiri ndi US. Komabe, US imatumiza kuchuluka kwa toluene kuchokera ku Asia, kuphatikiza matani 230,000 ochokera ku South Korea mu 2024 (57% ya zonse zomwe US imatumiza). Misonkho ya US ikhoza kusokoneza kutumiza kwa toluene ku South Korea kupita ku US, zomwe zikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu ku Asia ndikukulitsa mpikisano m'misika monga Southeast Asia ndi India, zomwe zitha kufinya gawo la China lotumiza kunja.
Xylenes
China ikadali dziko lotumiza ma xylenes osakanikirana, popanda malonda mwachindunji ndi US. US imatumiza ma xylenes ambiri, makamaka ochokera ku South Korea (57% ya zinthu zomwe US imatumiza pansi pa HS code 27073000). Komabe, malondawa akuphatikizidwa pamndandanda wa US wochotsera msonkho, zomwe zimachepetsa zotsatira za zochita za arbitrage ku Asia-US.
Styrene
Dziko la US ndi dziko lotumiza kunja zinthu zopangidwa ndi styrene padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka ku Mexico, South America, ndi Europe, ndi zinthu zochepa zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja (matani 210,000 mu 2024, pafupifupi zonse kuchokera ku Canada). Msika wa styrene ku China waperekedwa mopitirira muyeso, ndipo mfundo zotsutsana ndi kutaya zinthu zaletsedwa kwa nthawi yayitali malonda a styrene pakati pa US ndi China. Komabe, dziko la US likukonzekera kuyika msonkho wa 25% pa benzene yaku South Korea, zomwe zingawonjezere kupezeka kwa styrene yaku Asia. Pakadali pano, kutumiza zida zapakhomo ku China zomwe zimadalira styrene (monga ma air conditioner, mafiriji) kukukumana ndi mitengo yokwera ya US (mpaka ~80%), zomwe zikukhudza kwambiri gawoli. Chifukwa chake, mitengo ya US idzakhudza kwambiri makampani opanga styrene ku China kudzera mu kukwera kwa mitengo komanso kufooka kwa kufunikira kwa zinthu.
Paraxylene (PX)
China sichitumiza katundu wa PX ndipo chimadalira kwambiri katundu wochokera ku South Korea, Japan, ndi Southeast Asia, popanda malonda ochokera ku US mwachindunji. Mu 2024, South Korea idapereka 22.5% ya katundu wochokera ku US PX (matani 300,000, 6% ya katundu wonse wochokera ku South Korea). Misonkho ya US ingachepetse kuchuluka kwa PX ku South Korea kupita ku US, koma ngakhale itatumizidwa ku China, kuchuluka kwake sikungakhale ndi zotsatirapo zochepa. Ponseponse, mitengo ya US-China idzakhudza pang'ono kupezeka kwa PX koma ikhoza kukakamiza kutumiza nsalu ndi zovala m'malo ena.
"Misonkho yofanana" ya ku US idzasintha kwambiri kayendetsedwe ka malonda padziko lonse a ma hydrocarbon onunkhira m'malo mosokoneza mwachindunji malonda a China ndi US. Zoopsa zazikulu zikuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimapezeka m'misika ya ku Asia, mpikisano waukulu wa malo otumizira kunja, komanso kukakamizidwa kwa mitengo yokwera pa zinthu zomalizidwa (monga zida zamagetsi, nsalu). Makampani opanga mafuta onunkhira ku China ayenera kuyendetsa njira zoperekera zinthu zomwe zasinthidwa ndikusintha momwe anthu amafunira padziko lonse lapansi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-17-2025