Polyurethane ndi chinthu chatsopano chamankhwala chofunikira.Chifukwa cha ntchito zake zabwino komanso ntchito zosiyanasiyana, amadziwika kuti "pulasitiki wamkulu wachisanu".Kuchokera pamipando, zovala, kupita kumayendedwe, zomangamanga, masewera, ndege ndi zomanga zachitetezo cha dziko, zida za polyurethane zomwe zili ponseponse ndizoyimilira zatsopano zamakina atsopano komanso chithandizo chofunikira kuti dziko langa limange dziko lamphamvu.
Pambuyo pazaka zopitilira 20 zakukula mwachangu kwamakampani opanga zida za polyurethane, zawonetsa kusintha kwakusintha kwa voliyumu mpaka -khalidwe.Ukadaulo wopangira komanso mphamvu yopanga isocyanate ndiwotsogola padziko lonse lapansi.Ilo lalowa mu nthawi yopititsa patsogolo teknoloji yomwe yalowa mu chitukuko chapamwamba.Pakadali pano, China yakhala dziko lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi la polyurethane zopangira zopangira komanso kupanga zinthu, komanso dera lathunthu pantchito ya polyurethane.
Monga chowonjezera chachikulu cha polyurethane, polyurethane expansion agents ndi zinthu zomwe zimatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi momwe gulu limagwirira ntchito pamzere wa polymer chain kukulitsa unyolo wama cell ndikuwonjezera kulemera kwa maselo.Ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga zinthu zambiri za polyurethane.Mu kaphatikizidwe wa zipangizo polyurethane, polyurethane wothandizila kukula angathe kukwaniritsa ziwiri zimachitikira mankhwala: Kukula ndi mtanda -olumikizidwe kukwaniritsa mkulu -ntchito, apamwamba polyurethane zinthu kupanga zinthu monga utithandize toughness, elasticity, ndi kugwetsa digiri ya zinthu zakuthupi polyurethane, ndi mlingo wa kung’ambika.Physics ndi mankhwala ntchito mokwanira kutentha kukana, mafuta kukana, nyengo kukana ndi dzimbiri kukana.
一, Udindo ndi gulu la polyurethane unyolo kuwonjezera wothandizira
Polyurethane kukulitsa wothandizila amatanthauza otsika maselo amine ndi mowa mankhwala munali magulu awiri zinchito, amene angathe kupanga mzere -mtundu polima mwa kuchita unyolo kukulitsa.Pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowonjezera maunyolo, kapena kusintha njira yowonjezera maunyolo, machitidwe a mankhwala amitundu yosiyanasiyana amapindula, ndipo zipangizo za polyurethane zomwe zimakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana zimapangidwira.
Udindo wa polyurethane chain extulation agents mu polyurethane synthesis reaction makamaka ndi:
(1) Polyurethane chain expansion agent ali ndi gulu lodziwika bwino (amino ndi hydroxyl gulu) lomwe limatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi isocyanate.Kulemera kwa mamolekyu ndi machitidwe osangalatsa angapangitse dongosolo la polyurethane reaction kuti likule msanga kapena kulimba, kupanga mzere wokhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu kwa maselo Mamolekyu ali ndi ntchito ya polima.
(2) Ma chain extensions osiyanasiyana amakhala ndi reactivity yosiyana.Pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma unyolo owonjezera ndi mlingo, sinthani kukhuthala kwa riyakitala, mamolekyu ndi mapangidwe achilengedwe kuti agwirizane ndi kupanga kwa polyurethane ndi zinthu zamachitidwe osiyanasiyana ndi zofunikira zamtundu.
3 -kuchepetsa kutopa, kukana kutentha, kukana nyengo, kukana mafuta, kukana dzimbiri, etc.
Zowonjezera zowonjezera za polyurethane nthawi zambiri zimagawidwa kukhala amine, mowa, ndi mowa.Kuchokera pakugwiritsa ntchito kachitidwe kachitidwe kachitidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito, dilate ndi diol zimatengera kachitidwe kachitidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito.Ma chain dilatation agents achikhalidwe monga ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanol, ndi dihydramol imodzi shrinkable, ndi zina zotero, ali ndi ntchito zochepa pa zinthu zopangidwa ndi polyurethane, ndipo ndi othandizira kukulitsa maunyolo.The unyolo kukulitsa wothandizira ndi ntchito zoonekeratu polyurethane zipangizo makamaka magulu awiri: onunkhira dihanramine ndi onunkhira diol.Amatchedwa mkulu -ntchito yowonjezera unyolo wothandizira.Amadziwika ndi mphete yolimba ya benzene.Mphamvu, kukana abrasion, kukana kwapakatikati ndi zinthu zina.
Wowonjezera wonunkhira wa diharamine sikuti amangowonjezera makiyi azinthu zopangira zotanuka za polyurethane.Chodziwika kwambiri, choyipitsitsa, komanso chachikulu kwambiri chowonjezera chowonjezera cha polyurethane.
Matupi otanuka amtundu wa polyurethane nthawi zambiri amakhazikika ndi njira ziwiri, ndiye kuti, zopangira nthawi isanakwane, ndiyeno zimayikidwa ndi ma unyolo owonjezera kuti azilimba.Kutengera ndi mtundu wa isocyanate, zokhazikika zimatha kugawidwa m'mitundu ya TDI ndi MDI.Poyerekeza ndi ziwirizi, ntchito ya TDI isanakwane ndi yochepa, ndipo imagwirizana kwambiri ndi ma amine chain expansion agents;MDI prefabricated reaction reaction is high, and the hydroxy-based chain extulation agent yokhala ndi chisindikizo chochepa cha hydroxyl-based.Malinga ndi zofunikira za zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito ndi machitidwe a mankhwala, ndikofunikira kwambiri kusankha njira yoyenera yowonjezera maunyolo pambuyo posankha mtundu wa isocyanate.
二、 High -performance polyurethane unyolo kukulitsa mitundu ya mankhwala ndi makhalidwe ntchito
2.1 Wothandizira kukulitsa unyolo wa arammer dihan amine
Chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito ake apamwamba komanso apamwamba kwambiri, chothandizira chowonjezera cha dihamine ndichodziwika kwambiri komanso chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zotanuka za polyurethane.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizanso 3, 3'-dichlori-4, 4'-diodes (MOCA: mtundu I, mtundu Ⅱ, kukana kutentha, etc.), 1,3-propylene glycol Pawiri (4-amino benzoate ) (740m), 4,4′-sub-base-double (3-chlorine-2,6-diecene aniline) (M-CDEA), polyphamorethyl etha Diol awiri awiri aminbenzoate (P-1000, P-650, P -250, etc.), 3,5-awiri ethylene torneramine (DETDA, amatchedwanso E-100), 3,5-diracle Sulfenylene (DMTDA, amatchedwanso E-300) ndi mankhwala ena.
Chidule cha mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito ndi chitukuko cha zinthu zazikuluzikulu ndi izi:
Wothandizira kukulitsa unyolo wa MOCA ndiye woyamba kukulitsa unyolo wapamwamba kwambiri yemwe adayikapo ndalama pakupanga mafakitale mdziko langa.Ndi chikhalidwe cholimba kutentha kutentha.Ili ndi mawonekedwe azinthu za polyurethane zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwachitetezo komanso zosavuta, zomwe zimatha kukwaniritsa mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana.The elasticity wa polyurethanes ndi mkulu-kulimba, mkulu-kubwerera, mkulu-kuvala-resistant, aukali kukana, dzimbiri kukana ndi zinthu zina zonse.Itha kupanga zinthu zazikuluzikulu.Ndi ntchito yokwanira ya onunkhira owonjezera owonjezera.Chiyambireni chitukuko cha DuPont m'zaka za m'ma 1950, MOCA yatenga malo ofunikira pakukula kwa polyurethane.Pakali pano ndiye wamkulu kwambiri wowonjezera unyolo wa polyurethane.Ndikofunikira kwambiri pakutsanulira polyurethane elasticity.Pakadali pano, opanga odziwika bwino a MOCA ku China ndi awa: Suzhou Xiangyuan New Materials Co., Ltd. (wothandizira Jiangsu Xiangyuan Chemical Company), Huaibei Xingguang New Material Technology Co., Ltd., Shandong Chongshun New Material Technology Co., Ltd. .Hua Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. (omwe kale anali Binhai Mingsheng Chemical Co., Ltd.), Chizhou Tianci High -tech Materials Co., Ltd., kuphatikiza, pali Taiwan Shuangbang Industrial Co., Ltd., Taiwan Sanhuang Co., Ltd. ., Ltd., ndi Katshan Kohshan Perfect Industry Co., Ltd.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, motsogozedwa ndi makampani aku China, ukadaulo wopanga wa MOCA wakula kwambiri.Mwachitsanzo, Xiangyuan New Materials amagonjetsa vuto la thanzi la ogwira ntchito, kuipitsidwa kwakukulu, ndi kusakhazikika kosakwanira kwa kupanga kwapakatikati kwa hydrogenation ya hydrogenation of hydrogenation.The mosalekeza njira catalyzes wa haidrojeni hydrogenation mkulu -kuyera zomveka ndi MOCA kupanga njira, kuzindikira zochita zokha, otsekedwa kwathunthu, kupanga zobiriwira, kuzindikira solvents, fumbi, kuchepetsa mphamvu yowononga mowa ndi ziro mpweya.mosalekeza MOCA kupanga chipangizo wakhala wotchuka padziko lonse kupanga mankhwala polyurethane unyolo kuwonjezera wothandizira.
Kuphatikiza apo, Xiangyuan New Materials adapanganso Xylink740M ndi Xylink P mndandanda wowonjezera wothandizila, pozindikira kutukuka kwazinthu zingapo, kulimbikitsa opanga zinthu za polyurethane kuti apititse patsogolo mtundu, kuchepetsa ndalama, komanso kukulitsa ntchito.
2.2 Wothandizira wowonjezera wowonjezera wonunkhira wa diol
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizanso phenyl-phenolic hydroxyl-based ether (HQEE), interciphenylbenols, hydroxyl ether (HER), ndi hydroxyethyl-based phenolic pyrodhenol mix (HQEE-L), Hydroxyethylhhexybenol mix (HER-L), etc. amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pazinthu za polyurethane pamakina a MDI, omwe siwowopsa komanso owononga mtundu wowonjezera unyolo.Chidule cha mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito ndi chitukuko cha zinthu zazikuluzikulu ndi izi:
HQEE chain expansion wothandizila ndi mamolekyu opangidwa ndi symmetrical onunkhira diol yowonjezera.Ndi gulu lolimba, lopanda poizoni, lopanda kuipitsa, komanso losakwiyitsa.Zimagwirizana bwino ndi MDI ndipo zimatha kuwonjezera moyo wazinthuzo.Zipangizo Zatsopano za Xiangyuan zapanga HQEE, HER, Xylink HQEE-L, Xylinkher-L mndandanda wowonjezera wothandizira.Ubwino ndi wapamwamba kuposa mankhwala ofanana kunyumba ndi kunja, ndipo mankhwala amagulitsidwa kunyumba ndi kunja.
2.3 Othandizira ena onunkhira okulitsa maunyolo okhala ndi magwiridwe antchito apadera
Ndi kukwera kwa minda yomwe ikubwera ya polyurethane, othandizira atsopano owonjezera a polyurethane ndiukadaulo wazogwiritsa ntchito akhala akukwezedwa mosalekeza kuti akwaniritse kufunikira kwa msika wa polyurethane.Mabizinesi opanga ma chain apanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma chain chain owonjezera othandizira.
Tianmen Winterine (DMD230) ndi kukulitsa kwa unyolo wokhala ndi ma amin awiri amino-free, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera zokutira zopanda zosungunulira kapena zolimba kwambiri.Poyerekeza ndi ma polyette opopera wamba, mankhwalawa amakhala ndi kuyankha pang'onopang'ono, magwiridwe antchito abwino, zomangamanga bwino, komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri.Lili ndi gloss wabwino ndi zotsatira zoonekeratu ndi polycoges pokonza mafuta kolorayidi polycisotripocyanate, kusinthasintha zabwino ndi makina katundu, chikasu - zosagwira chikasu kusintha, kukana dzimbiri, zabwino nyengo kukana, ndi chitetezo yaitali.Kuphatikiza pa milatho, tunnel, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pansi ndi zikwangwani zamsewu, itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pamapulogalamu apamwamba monga zokutira zoteteza ndi zokutira zachikopa za helikopita zamasamba amagetsi amphepo.Kupanga mafakitale ndi kukwezedwa kwa mankhwalawa kudzathandiza chitukuko chapamwamba cha zokutira.
Kubalalitsa (311) kwa mankhwala onunkhira a diharamine ndi sodium chloride (311) ndi mtundu wamtundu wina wa diharamine wonunkhira komanso mchere wachilengedwe.Ikhoza kufananizidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya polyurethane pre-polystants pa kutentha.Ndizoyenera makamaka mawonekedwe ovuta kapena aakulu.Zogulitsa zam'deralo, vulcanization ya microwave, ndi zochitika zina zomwe zimafunikira nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito, zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mankhwala ochizira epoxy resin.Zogulitsa zomwezi zikuphatikiza Caytur 31DA ku United States, Xylink 311, Xiangyuan New Materials.
Zina zochizira zapansi pamadzi monga oxidazole, ketone amine, ndi zina zotero zimatha kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa kupaka kapena zinthu zina kuti zipange thovu pakati pa machiritso, komanso zimakhala ndi malo opangira chitukuko.
三、 Chitukuko cha ma polyurethane chain expansion agents
Makampani okulitsa dziko langa a polyurethane ali ndi maziko ocheperako.M'masiku oyambilira, msika wakukulitsa unyolo wa polyurethane nthawi zonse umayendetsedwa ndi mabizinesi amitundu yosiyanasiyana.Chiyambireni m'zaka za zana lino, gulu lamakampani okulitsa unyolo wa polyurethane omwe akuimiridwa ndi Xiangyuan New Materials akwanitsa kuswa maulamuliro akunja patatha zaka zambiri za R & D ndi kudzikundikira kwaukadaulo.Zina mwazinthu zokulitsa tcheni cha polyurethane mdziko langa zafika pamlingo wazinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi zofananira.
Monga chowonjezera chowonjezera cha amine polyurethane, njira yopangira MOCA ndi yokhwima, yokhazikika, yocheperako, komanso yoyenera poyankha.M'munda wa kuthira zotanuka thupi mu ntchito kunsi kwa mtsinje ntchito, makamaka TDI dongosolo, chiwerengero chachikulu cha mankhwala polyurethane anasonkhanitsa ambiri okhwima mafomu a mankhwala polyurethane okhwima chilinganizo Essence MOCA a bata ndi magwiridwe ayesedwa patapita zaka zambiri msika ndi kasitomala. kuchita.Mtengo wake ndi wokwera kwambiri.Pambuyo pazaka zogwiritsidwa ntchito, chotchinga china chapanga.Ili ndi gawo losasinthika, ndipo gawo logwiritsira ntchito likukulirakulirabe.
European Chemical Administration, monga bungwe loyang'anira certification ya EU Reach, inapereka lipoti pa November 30, 2017. Pambuyo poyerekezera zoopsa za chitetezo, ntchito, ndi mtengo wamtengo wapatali, inanena kuti pa gawo la polyurethane elastic body, khalidwe la mankhwala a MOCA. Zochita, zotsika mtengo ndi zabwino zina ndizabwino kwambiri, ndipo pakadali pano palibe njira zina.
Makampani aku China okulitsa polyurethane adayamba mochedwa.M'masiku oyambilira, chifukwa chaukadaulo wocheperako, zida zofooka zothandizira, komanso matalente a R&D osakwanira, msika wokulitsa unyolo wa polyurethane wakhala ukulamulidwa ndi mabizinesi amitundu yosiyanasiyana.Mpaka m'ma 1990, angapo zoweta polyurethane unyolo Kukula opanga bwinobwino anathyola kulamulira luso yachilendo pambuyo pa zaka R & D ndi kudzikundikira luso, ndi ntchito zina polyurethane unyolo kuwonjezera wothandizila mankhwala anafika mlingo wa mankhwala ofanana mayiko.Makamaka, zipangizo zatsopano za Xiangyuan zakhala zikutsogolera pomanga chipangizo cha 10,000 -ton -level mosalekeza cha MOCA.The mankhwala khalidwe ndi luso mlingo anafika pa dziko patsogolo ndi zoweta kutsogolera mlingo.Pakadali pano, opanga MOCA apakhomo akwanitsa kukwaniritsa zofunikira za ionamine yaulere.The MOCA granular ndi mkulu -kutentha chikasu -kusintha MOCA mu MOCA mankhwala mndandanda amakondedwa ndi makampani polyurethane.
"Mapulani khumi ndi awiri azaka zisanu a" Mapulani a Zaka khumi ndi awiri a Zaka zisanu "wa makampani a polyurethane akuganiza kuti kuwonjezera pa kukulitsa kukula kwa unyolo wapamwamba wa MOCA, kukwezedwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zatsopano zowonjezera unyolo MCDEA, E-100 , HER, HQEE ndi zinthu zina ziyenera kuwonjezeka.Kutengera ndi zinthu za MOCA, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zida ndi zinthu za polyurethane, zida zina zatsopano zowonjezera maunyolo zatulukanso, ndikupanga masinthidwe osiyanitsidwa ndi zinthu za MOCA.
Ndi kupititsa patsogolo kosalekeza kwa kafukufuku waukadaulo ndi chitukuko, zatsopano zopangira zowonjezera zokometsera zokometsera zili ndi zabwino zenizeni pakuyankha liwiro, kukana kutentha kwambiri, kugwira ntchito, chitetezo ndi kuteteza chilengedwe.Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakula pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ntchito kukukulirakulira.Mwachitsanzo, P-1000, P650, P250, 740M, chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake obiriwira, zachilengedwe, sanali poizoni, pang'onopang'ono anatsegula ntchito msika m'minda angapo.M'zaka zaposachedwapa, ndi chitukuko ndi kukula kwa dongosolo kwambiri chilengedwe wochezeka MDI, ntchito sikelo mkulu -performance onunkhira diol dilateral dilation wothandizira monga HQEE ndi HER ndi bwino n'zogwirizana ndi n'zogwirizana ndi dongosolo MDI pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka, kupereka polyurethane elasticity. zabwino kwambiri za thupi Masewero enieni monga kukana kutentha ndi mphamvu yong'ambika.Kuphatikiza pakupanga zinthu zothira, imathanso kupanga zinthu zambiri za thermoplastic elastomic, zomwe zimatha kumasulidwa.M'madera ogwiritsira ntchito omwe ali ndi zofunikira zogwirira ntchito za zipangizo za polyurethane m'mayiko otukuka ndi zipangizo zina za polyurethane, othandizira owonjezera monga 740m, HQEE, HER akuzama ntchito.Wothandizira watsopano wokulitsa unyolo ali ndi ubwino wosiyana m'magawo enaake, ndipo gawo laukadaulo ndilokwera kwambiri.Pakalipano, msika wapakhomo udakali mu gawo lolimbikitsa ntchito.
四, Njira yachitukuko yamakampani okulitsa unyolo wa polyurethane
Makampani a polyurethane ku North America ndi Western Europe apeza zaka zambiri zachitukuko.Makampaniwa ali ndi luso lamphamvu pamakampani, ndipo msika ndi wokhwima.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ogula m'maderawa ali ndi zofunikira zogwirira ntchito za polyurethane, ndipo kufunikira kwa othandizira atsopano owonjezera ndi mofulumira kuposa MOCA.Pakadali pano, mayiko otukuka monga Europe ndi United States ndi omwe akutenga gawo lalikulu pakufunika kwa othandizira atsopano okulitsa maunyolo.
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwakukulu kwa polyurethane m'chigawo cha Asia-Pacific ndi mayiko ena omwe akutukuka kumene kukuchititsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kwa polyurethane padziko lonse lapansi.Pakati pawo, dera la Asia-Pacific ndilo msika waukulu kwambiri wa polyurethane padziko lonse lapansi, womwe umawerengera pafupifupi 48% ya msika wapadziko lonse;maiko ena omwe akutuluka kumene monga India, Brazil, Mexico, ndi zina zotero, kufunikira kwa polyurethane m'nyumba, zipangizo zomangira, zipangizo zapakhomo ndi mafakitale ena akuwonjezeka.Komabe, poyerekeza ndi mayiko otukuka ku Europe ndi United States, ena mwa zigawo izi m’zigawozi akadali koyambirira kwa chitukuko.Amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mtengo wazinthu zopangira polyurethane ndipo amalabadira kwambiri mtengo ndi magwiridwe antchito.M'tsogolomu, m'tsogolomu, malowa adzakhalabe ndi kufunikira kwakukulu kwa ma MOCA okwera mtengo.
Pakalipano, makampani akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi akukulitsa polyurethane, monga Kazaka Kagosan Perfect Industry Co., Ltd., United States Air Chemical (Winchuang acquisition in 2016), ndi United States Coco (yomwe inapezedwa ndi Langsheng mu 2017), etc. ., adalamulira dziko lonse lapansi Gawo lalikulu la msika wa othandizira kuwonjezera maunyolo, makampani ena ang'onoang'ono omwe alibe kusintha kwamakampani -yunivesite -kafukufuku wapadziko lonse lapansi adathetsedwa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwazinthu komanso mtengo wake, komanso kuchuluka kwa unyolo. kukula kwamakampani akuchulukirachulukira.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, makampani akuluakulu amadaliranso mphamvu zamphamvu za likulu ndi kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha chitukuko kuti awonjezere zipangizo zamakono ndi kupanga mankhwala, ndikukhazikitsa zotsalira zapadziko lonse lapansi zopangira ndi malonda ndi malo a R & D m'madera omwe ali ndi chuma chabwino kwambiri, misika, ndi mikhalidwe yantchito.
5. Mkhalidwe wamakono ndi malangizo a chitukuko cha polyurethane expansion agents
Monga chowonjezera chofunikira cha zida za polyurethane, zowonjezera zowonjezera za polyurethane zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka mu dongosolo la CASE (kuphatikiza zokutira, zomatira, kusindikiza ndi matupi zotanuka) muzinthu za polyurethane.Mwa iwo, polyurethane zotanuka thupi ndi polima kupanga zinthu pakati mphira wamba ndi pulasitiki.Imakhala ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu kwa mphira komanso kulimba kwambiri komanso kulimba kwa pulasitiki.5 mpaka 10 nthawi), ili ndi mbiri ya "mfumu ya mphira wosamva" ndipo imakhala ndi mphamvu zamakina, kukana mafuta, kukana kwamankhwala, kukana kupindika komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso magwiridwe antchito.Kuphatikiza pa mtundu wamba wothira ndi thermoplastic polyurethane zotanuka thupi, polyurethane zotanuka thupi zakuthupi zimaphatikizanso zomatira, zokutira, kusindikiza, zida zopangira, zokhazokha, zikopa zopangira, CHIKWANGWANI, ndi zina zomwe zimakhala zotanuka polyurethane zida.Ndi kuwongolera mosalekeza kwa luso laukadaulo, kukhazikika kwa polyurethane kwasinthidwa kukhala mphira, mapulasitiki, ndi zitsulo m'magawo osiyanasiyana monga magalimoto, migodi, kusindikiza, zida, kukonza makina, masewera, ndi zoyendera.
Malinga ndi ziwerengero zochokera ku mabungwe oyenerera, kumwa kwa Chinese polyurethane CASE (zotanuka thupi, zokutira, zikopa zopangidwa, kusindikiza ndi zomatira) mu 2021 zinali matani 7.77 miliyoni, ndipo pafupifupi pachaka kukula kwa 11.5% mu 2016-2021 kunali 11.5%.
The elasticity wa Chinese polyurethane mu 2016 anali 925,000 matani, ndi linanena bungwe mu 2021 anafika matani miliyoni 1.5, ndi pawiri pachaka kukula mlingo wa 10,2%;kuchuluka kwapachaka kwa anthu omwe amamwa mowa kunali 12.5%.Akuti pofika chaka cha 2025, dziko langa lopangidwa ndi polyurethane elasticity lifika matani 2.059 miliyoni, zomwe zidzakhalebe pachitukuko chofulumira.
Padziko lonse lapansi, kutulutsa kwa polyurethane elastomers padziko lonse lapansi kudafika matani 2.52 miliyoni mu 2016 ndi matani 3.539 miliyoni mu 2021, ndikukula kwapachaka kwa 7.0%.Pofika chaka cha 2025, kupangidwa kwa polyurethane elastomer padziko lonse lapansi kukuyembekezeka kufika matani 4.495 miliyoni, kuwonetsa chitukuko chachangu komanso chokhazikika.
Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) imakhala ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwambiri.Mphamvu zake zolimba ndizokwera, zotalikirana, zosagwira mafuta, zosagwirizana ndi kutentha pang'ono, kukana kwanyengo, kukana kwa ozoni ndizodziwika bwino, ndipo kuuma kwake ndikwambiri.M'zaka zaposachedwa, kugwiritsa ntchito msika kwa TPU kwakula kuchokera pamakampani opanga nsapato kupita kumisika yapamwamba kwambiri monga mankhwala, ndege, komanso kuteteza chilengedwe.Malinga ndi ziwerengero, kuyambira 2014 mpaka 2021, kuchuluka kwapachaka kwa TPU ku China kunali kokwera mpaka 14.5%.Mu 2021, kutulutsa kwa TPU mdziko langa kunali pafupifupi matani 645,000.dziko langa lakhala dziko lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi kupanga TPU.Zotulutsa komanso kuchuluka kwa zogulitsa kunja kwachulukirachulukira m'zaka zaposachedwa.
Malinga ndi zomwe zikufunidwa, msika wapadziko lonse wa TPU pano ukukhazikika kumadera aku Europe, United States, ndi Asia-Pacific.Pakati pawo, dera la Asia motsogozedwa ndi China ndiye msika wachangu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wa TPU.Malinga ndi ziwerengero za Elastic Special Committee ya China Polyurethane Industry Association, kuchuluka kwa zinthu za polyurethane mdziko langa mu 2018 kudafika matani 11.3 miliyoni, pomwe kugwiritsa ntchito ma polyurethane elastomers (TPU + CPU) kunali pafupifupi matani miliyoni 1.1% .
TPU ikadali imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zikukula mwachangu mu polyurethane posachedwa.dziko langa lakhala dziko lalikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ogula TPU.Malinga ndi ziwerengero, avareji pachaka pawiri pachaka kukula kwa TPU kumwa China mu 2017-2021 anali mkulu monga 12,9%, amene okwana mu 2021 anali 602,000 matani, kuwonjezeka kwa 11.6% pachaka.Kutengera kutulutsa kwapadziko lonse kwa TPU kwa matani 1.09 miliyoni mu 2021, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwapanyumba kwa TPU kwadutsa theka la dziko lapansi.M'tsogolomu, zofunikira za nsapato, filimu, mapaipi, ndi mawaya zidzakhala zolimba.Pankhani ya zida zamankhwala, mawaya a chingwe, ndi filimu, idzalowanso m'malo mwa zida zachikhalidwe za PVC.Ndizotheka kusintha EVA m'munda wa nsapato.Zikuyembekezeka kuti TPU ikhalabe 10 m'tsogolomu 10 10 % Kapena zambiri zakukula.Akuyembekezeka kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kudzafika pafupifupi matani 900,000 pofika 2026.
Ndi kukula kwapang'onopang'ono kwa masikelo opangira, mtengo wa zinthu zotanuka za polyurethane ndi wotsika, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasiyanasiyana, kufunikira kwa msika kwapita patsogolo, ndipo chitukuko cha mafakitale chikufulumira.Pa nthawi ya "Mapulani a Zaka khumi ndi zinayi", makampani a Case ayenera kulimbikitsa kwambiri chitukuko cha zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi madzi, zopanda madzi, komanso zolimba;onjezerani chitukuko cha CASE ndi chitukuko cha teknoloji yopangira zinthu zopangira zopangira, kuyang'ana pa madzi a polytianmen -to -pyrodramine polyphonus Application;kuyang'ana pakuchita kafukufuku waukadaulo wozikidwa pamadzi ndiukadaulo waukadaulo;kupititsa patsogolo ntchito zamalonda, kupanga zinthu zatsopano, kukulitsa ntchitoyo, ndikulimbikitsa ntchito yomanga zomangamanga zatsopano pamayendedwe anjanji, misewu yayikulu, ngalande ya mlatho, kutumizira mphamvu, ndi zina zambiri.kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito luso la zomatira za polyurethane za zero formaldehyde kuwonjezera mbale zopanga;kupanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zogwira ntchito, komanso zamtengo wapatali za ammonia;limbitsa kafukufuku ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa polyurethane wosalowerera madzi, magwiridwe antchito, kukhazikika kwa nthawi;Limbikitsani kugwiritsa ntchito zida za polyurethane m'nyumba zomangidwa kale.
Njira zazikuluzikulu zakukula kwa gawo la elastomer ndi:
Ma polyurethane elastomer amagalimoto.Masiku ano makampani opanga magalimoto akupita patsogolo kwambiri, apamwamba kwambiri, kulemera kwake, chitonthozo ndi chitetezo.Zipangizo zopangidwa ndi mphira ndi pulasitiki zikusintha pang'onopang'ono zida zachitsulo, zomwe zimatsegula chiyembekezo chachikulu chogwiritsa ntchito polyurethane elastomers.
Ma polyurethane elastomers kuti amange.Mwambo phula anamva madzi zakuthupi wakhala pang'onopang'ono m'malo cholimba, zofunika zomangamanga polyurethane madzi zinthu;Kugwiritsa ntchito nyimbo za polyurethane kumachulukirachulukira.Malumikizidwe owonjezera a Milatho yayikulu, ogona a njanji yothamanga kwambiri, njanji ya ndege ndi misewu yayikulu amapangidwanso pang'onopang'ono ndi PVC elastomer yolimba kutentha.
Polyurethane elastomer kuti ndigwiritse ntchito.Pali kufunikira kwakukulu kwa zinthu zopanda zitsulo zokhala ndi mphamvu zowonongeka, zolimba kwambiri komanso zowonongeka m'migodi ya malasha, migodi yachitsulo ndi yopanda zitsulo.
Polyurethane elastomer kwa nsapato.Polychloride ester elasticity ili ndi ubwino wa ntchito yabwino yobisala, kulemera kochepa, kukana kuvala, kukana kwa skid, ndi zina zotero, zakhala zofunikira zothandizira pamakampani a nsapato.
Polyurethane elastomer ntchito zachipatala.Kugwirizana kwabwino kwachilengedwe, kuyanjana kwamagazi komanso kusakhala ndi zowonjezera ndi zifukwa zofunika zogwiritsira ntchito zida za TPU ndi CPU pazachipatala.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake pazachipatala ndi thanzi ndikwambiri.
Tsamba latsopano la polyurethane composite.Ukadaulo wazinthu zophatikizika ukuyembekezeka kubweretsa nthawi yatsopano yophulika pamsika wama polyurethane elastomers.
六、Polyurethane unyolo kukulitsa makampani "14th Five -Year Plan" chitukuko chikhalidwe
Kuchokera pakuwona kwapadziko lonse lapansi, kupita patsogolo kwachangu kwa ntchito yomanga, makampani opanga magalimoto, zida zamagetsi zamagetsi, mphamvu zatsopano komanso mafakitale oteteza chilengedwe kwayendetsa kwambiri kufunikira kwa zinthu za polyurethane.Zimphona zapadziko lonse lapansi za polyurethane zikupitiliza kupanga ukadaulo ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, ndipo zipitiliza kulimbikitsa chitukuko ndi kupanga zinthu zatsopano za polyurethane.Ndikukula kwa zinthu za polyurethane m'munda komanso kukula kwa msika wakumunsi kwa ma terminal, kufunikira kosiyanasiyana kwa zinthu za polyurethane kudzalimbikitsa kupitiliza kwaukadaulo ndi chitukuko cha othandizira ma chain chain agents.
M'zaka 10 zikubwerazi, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu za polyurethane m'madera ena kudzakhalanso mofulumira.Akatswiri azamakampani akuwunika kuti kufunikira kwapadziko lonse kwa polyurethane kudzakwera pamlingo wa 4.5% pachaka.Mwa iwo, kuchuluka kwapachaka kwakukula kwa kufunikira kwa polyurethane akuti ndi 5.7% m'magawo a firiji, nsapato, nsalu, zosangalatsa ndi zina.Kufunika kwazinthu zogulitsa kwakwera pang'ono, ndipo akuyembekezeka kukhala pafupifupi 3.3% pachaka.Mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene m'chigawo cha Asia -Pacific athandizidwa ndi ukadaulo waluso kuti awonjezere ntchito zotsika pansi, ndipo kufunikira kwa ma polyurethanes kudzafika pakukula kwa manambala awiri chaka chilichonse.
Monga zopangira zofunikira pamakampani a polyurethane, makampani owonjezera a polyurethane mdziko langa akuyenera kukhazikitsa lingaliro latsopano lachitukuko mosasunthika.M'munsimu, mutu wa kulimbikitsa chitukuko chapamwamba cha makampani polyurethane, ndi malangizo a kulimbikitsa makampani polyurethane imathandizira pomanga chitsanzo cha chitukuko cha "wapawiri -cycle", moganizira wobiriwira, otsika mpweya, ndi digito. kusandulika., Kufulumizitsa ntchito yomanga dongosolo lamakono la mafakitale, kulimbikitsa "zoperewera" za mankhwala apamwamba kwambiri, "kugwira ntchito zapamwamba" matekinoloje ofunikira, "kutsegula msewu watsopano" muzinthu zachikhalidwe, ndikulimbikitsa dziko langa kuchoka ku polyurethane kupita ku dziko lamphamvu.
Pakadali pano, polyurethane chain extender yakhala imodzi mwazinthu zofunikira za polyurethane pama projekiti akuluakulu apadziko lonse lapansi.Makampani opanga ma polyurethane chain extender akukulitsa ndalama zatsopano, zomwe zikukula motsata chitetezo cha chilengedwe, kuchita bwino kwambiri komanso mtundu wapamwamba kwambiri.Kutengera zosowa zakuthambo, zidziwitso zamagetsi, mphamvu zatsopano, magalimoto, njanji yothamanga kwambiri, mayendedwe a njanji, misewu yayikulu, milatho yayikulu, mafakitale azaumoyo ndi chitetezo cha dziko, kusintha ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zatsopano zaukadaulo za polyurethane chain extender ukadaulo zimathandizira kupititsa patsogolo mulingo wonse wa chitukuko cha mafakitale a polyurethane.
Upangiri wamakampani opanga polyurethane chain extender ndikupanga zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri, zobiriwira zobiriwira zokhala ndi ntchito zambiri zoteteza chilengedwe.Sikuti ndizoyera komanso zopanda kuipitsidwa popanga, komanso zotetezeka komanso zobiriwira pakugwiritsa ntchito kulimbikitsa zobiriwira za polyurethane kupanga zinthu.Chachiwiri, kuonjezera ntchito mankhwala alipo unyolo extender, kuti alipo akatswiri unyolo extender zonse ntchito mphamvu zatsopano.Mlingo waukadaulo wa mabizinesi ena am'banja la polyurethane unyolo wa extender ndi wofanana ndi wamakampani amitundu yosiyanasiyana, koma kafukufuku wowonjezera wofunikira amafunika kuti ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri azindikire kuchuluka kwa zinthuzo, makamaka kulimbikitsa zinthu zamadzimadzi onunkhira za diamine ndi ntchito yabwino komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito synergistic zotsatira za chain extender kupulumutsa mphamvu ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ndi mtengo.Chachitatu ndi kupititsa patsogolo mankhwala atsopano malinga ndi kufunika kwa msika, kupereka mankhwala abwino komanso apamwamba kwambiri pamakampani a polyurethane, kuti akwaniritse zosowa za msika wapansi ndikukulitsa kukula kwa ntchito.
Pazinthu zotanuka za polyurethane, chain extender ndi chofunikira komanso chowonjezera chofunikira chokhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu komanso mtengo wowonjezera, womwe ndi wofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.Kuphatikiza apo, muzinthu zina za polyurethane komanso mapulasitiki a thovu, polyurethane chain extender imakhala ndi zotsatira zoonekeratu pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.M'makampani a polyurethane, msika wa polyurethane chain extender msika ndi waukulu.Pofuna kulimbikitsa ndi kutsogolera chitukuko apamwamba a makampani polyurethane, m'pofunika kulimbikitsa ntchito kafukufuku ndi Kukwezeleza polyurethane unyolo extender, ndi kukhala bwino ndi mitundu yambiri ya polyurethane unyolo extender pansi pa malo kulabadira thanzi, mphamvu. kupulumutsa, chitetezo ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwe ndi ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito, kuti athandize kwambiri pa moyo wabwino wa anthu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Feb-08-2023