Styrene: "Wozungulira Zonse" wa Makampani Amakono ndi Kusintha kwa Msika

I. Chidule cha Zamalonda: Kuchokera ku Basic Monomer kupita ku Ubiquitous Material

Styrene, madzi opanda mafuta opanda mtundu komanso fungo lonunkhira bwino kutentha kwa chipinda, ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala amakono. Popeza ndi alkenyl aromatic hydrocarbon yosavuta, kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala kamapatsa mphamvu zambiri - gulu la vinyl lomwe lili mu molekyulu yake limatha kuchita zinthu zopopera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti likhale lofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwakukulu kwa styrene ndi monga monomer popanga polystyrene (PS). Yodziwika bwino chifukwa cha kuwonekera bwino, kusinthasintha, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama, PS imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakulongedza chakudya, zinthu zogwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku, zoyikamo zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi, ndi zina. Kuphatikiza apo, styrene imagwira ntchito ngati njira yofunika kwambiri popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana zofunika:

●ABS Resin: Yopangidwa ndi acrylonitrile, butadiene, ndi styrene, imakondedwa kwambiri m'mafakitale a magalimoto, zida zapakhomo, ndi zoseweretsa chifukwa cha kulimba kwake, kulimba, komanso kusinthasintha kwake.

●Mphira wa Styrene-Butadiene (SBR): Ndi copolymer ya styrene ndi butadiene, ndipo ndi mphira wopangidwa kwambiri komanso wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga matayala, nsapato, ndi zina zotero.

●Unsaturated Polyester Resin (UPR): Ndi styrene ngati cholumikizira komanso chosungunula, ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa pulasitiki yolimbikitsidwa ndi fiberglass (FRP), yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zombo, zida zamagalimoto, nsanja zoziziritsira, ndi zina zotero.

●Styrene-Acrylonitrile Copolymer (SAN), Expanded Polystyrene (EPS), ndi zina zambiri.

Kuyambira zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku monga zidebe za chakudya chofulumira ndi zophimba zamagetsi mpaka zinthu zokhudzana ndi chuma cha dziko monga matayala a magalimoto ndi zipangizo zomangira, styrene ili paliponse ndipo ndi imodzi mwa "miyala yamtengo wapatali" ya makampani amakono a zipangizo. Padziko lonse lapansi, mphamvu yopangira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito styrene kwakhala pakati pa mankhwala akuluakulu, ndipo msika wake ukuwonetsa mwachindunji kutukuka kwa kupanga zinthu m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

II. Nkhani Zaposachedwa: Kukhalapo kwa Kusakhazikika kwa Msika ndi Kukula kwa Mphamvu

Posachedwapa, msika wa styrene wapitiliza kukhudzidwa ndi chilengedwe cha zachuma padziko lonse lapansi komanso kusintha kwa kupezeka ndi kufunikira kwa makampani, zomwe zikuwonetsa kusintha kwakukulu.

Thandizo la Mtengo wa Zinthu Zopangira ndi Masewera a Mtengo

Popeza ndi zinthu ziwiri zazikulu zopangira styrene, mitengo ya benzene ndi ethylene imakhudza mwachindunji kapangidwe ka mtengo wa styrene. Posachedwapa, kusinthasintha kwa mitengo ya mafuta osakonzedwa padziko lonse lapansi kwachititsa kuti msika wa zinthu zosakonzedwa ukhale wosasinthasintha. Phindu la kupanga styrene lakhala pafupi ndi mtengo wake, zomwe zikuika mphamvu kwa opanga. Omwe akutenga nawo mbali pamsika amayang'anitsitsa kusinthasintha kulikonse kwa mafuta osakonzedwa komanso mitengo yochokera ku benzene kuti awone mphamvu ya chithandizo cha styrene.

Yang'anani pa Kuyambitsa Mphamvu Yatsopano Yokhazikika

Popeza ndi kampani yayikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi yopanga komanso kugula styrene, kukula kwa mphamvu ya China kwakopa chidwi chachikulu. Kuyambira 2023 mpaka 2024, mafakitale angapo akuluakulu opanga styrene ku China ayamba kugwira ntchito kapena ndi fakitale yatsopano ya petrochemical yolemera matani 600,000 pachaka, yomwe yakhala ikugwira ntchito bwino. Izi sizimangowonjezera kuchuluka kwa zinthu pamsika komanso zimakulitsa mpikisano mkati mwa makampani. Kutulutsidwa kwa mphamvu zatsopano pang'onopang'ono kukusintha kayendedwe ka malonda a styrene m'madera osiyanasiyana komanso padziko lonse lapansi.

Kusiyana kwa Zofunikira ndi Kusintha kwa Zinthu

Kugwira ntchito kwa kufunikira kumasiyana m'mafakitale monga PS, ABS, ndi EPS. Pakati pawo, makampani a EPS amakumana ndi kusinthasintha koonekeratu chifukwa cha kufunikira kwa kutenthetsa nyumba ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma paketi nthawi ndi nthawi; kufunikira kwa ABS kumalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi deta yopanga ndi kugulitsa zida zapakhomo ndi magalimoto. Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zili mu styrene m'madoko akuluakulu kwakhala chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri chowunikira bwino kufunikira kwa zinthu zomwe zilipo, pomwe kusintha kwa zinthu zomwe zili mu storage kumakhudza mwachindunji malingaliro amsika komanso momwe mitengo ikuyendera.

III. Zochitika mu Makampani: Kusintha Kobiriwira ndi Chitukuko Chapamwamba

Poganizira zamtsogolo, makampani opanga ma styrene akusintha kupita ku zinthu zofunika izi:

Kusiyanasiyana ndi Kukongoletsa Njira Zopangira Zinthu Zopangira

Mwachikhalidwe, styrene imapangidwa makamaka kudzera mu njira yochotsera ma hydrogenation ya ethylbenzene. Pakadali pano, ukadaulo wa "green styrene" wozikidwa pa biomass kapena mankhwala obwezeretsanso zinyalala za pulasitiki uli pansi pa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko, cholinga chake ndi kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa mpweya wa kaboni ndikukwaniritsa zosowa zachitukuko chokhazikika padziko lonse lapansi. Kuphatikiza apo, njira yopangira limodzi ya PO/SM, yomwe imapanga propylene ndi styrene kudzera mu njira ya propane dehydrogenation (PDH), yatchuka kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa chifukwa cha magwiridwe antchito ake azachuma.

Kusamuka Kosalekeza Kum'mawa ndi Mpikisano Wowonjezereka

Ndi ntchito yomanga mapulojekiti akuluakulu oyeretsera ndi mankhwala ku East Asia, makamaka China, mphamvu ya styrene padziko lonse lapansi ikupitilirabe kukhazikika m'madera omwe ogula amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Izi zikusintha kapangidwe ka msika wachigawo womwe ukufuna zinthu, zimakulitsa mpikisano wamsika, ndikuyika zofunikira kwambiri pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa opanga, kuwongolera ndalama, komanso luso lopanga njira zotsatizana.

Zinthu Zapamwamba Kwambiri Zokhudza Kukwera kwa Mtengo wa Zinthu Zofunika Kwambiri

Msika wa polima wopangidwa ndi styrene womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ukuyandikira pang'onopang'ono kudzaza, pomwe kufunikira kwa zinthu zapadera komanso zogwira ntchito bwino kukukula kwambiri. Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo ABS yogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri ya zida zopepuka zamagalimoto atsopano amphamvu, zida za polystyrene zotsika mtengo za zida zolumikizirana za 5G, ndi ma copolymers opangidwa ndi styrene okhala ndi zotchinga zowonjezera kapena kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe. Izi zimafuna kuti makampani opanga styrene akumtunda asamangoyang'ana kwambiri pa "kuchuluka" kokha komanso kugwirizana ndi magawo akum'mwera kuti apange zatsopano ndikuwonjezera unyolo wamtengo wapatali wazinthu.

Kugogomezera Kwambiri pa Zachuma Chozungulira ndi Kubwezeretsanso Zinthu

Ukadaulo wobwezeretsanso zinthu zakuthupi ndi kubwezeretsanso mankhwala (kuchotsa polymerization kuti abwezeretsenso ma monomers a pulasitiki) wa zinyalala za pulasitiki monga polystyrene ukukulirakulira. Kukhazikitsa njira yogwirira ntchito yobwezeretsanso zinthu za pulasitiki zopangidwa ndi styrene kwakhala njira yofunika kwambiri kuti makampani azitsatira malamulo okhudza chilengedwe ndikukwaniritsa maudindo a anthu, ndipo akuyembekezeka kupanga mzere wotsekedwa wa "kupanga, kugwiritsa ntchito, kubwezeretsanso, kubereka" mtsogolo.

Mwachidule, monga chinthu chofunikira komanso chofunikira kwambiri cha mankhwala, kukwera kwa msika wa styrene kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi chuma cha padziko lonse lapansi komanso kayendetsedwe ka zinthu. Ngakhale kuthana ndi mavuto a kusakhazikika kwa msika kwakanthawi kochepa, unyolo wonse wa mafakitale a styrene ukufufuza mwachangu njira zobiriwira, zatsopano, komanso zapamwamba kuti zitsimikizire kuti zinthu zakalezi zikupitilirabe kukula munthawi yatsopano ya chitukuko chokhazikika komanso kuthandizira kupita patsogolo kwa mafakitale otsika.