Mtengo Wabwino Wopanga Ammonium Chloride CAS:12125-02-9

Ammonium chloride, (gulu la mafakitale) Ammonium chloride (yotchedwa "chloramine", yomwe imadziwikanso kuti mchenga wa halogen, njira ya mankhwala: NH4Cl) ndi ufa wopanda mtundu wa kristalo woyera kapena kristalo woyera. Imakhala ndi kukoma kwamchere komanso kowawa pang'ono ndipo ndi ya mchere wa asidi. Kuchuluka kwake ndi 1.527. Imasungunuka m'madzi, ethanol ndi ammonia yamadzimadzi koma sisungunuka mu acetone ndi ether. Yamadzimadzi imakhala ndi asidi pang'ono, ndipo acidity yake imawonjezeka ikatenthedwa. Ikatenthedwa kufika 100 ° C, imayamba kusinthasintha kwambiri, ndipo ikatenthedwa kufika 337.8 ° C, imagawanika kukhala ammonia ndi hydrogen chloride, zomwe, zikazizira, zimaphatikizananso kuti zipange tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta ammonium chloride ndi utsi woyera womwe suvuta kumira komanso wovuta kusungunuka m'madzi. Ikatenthedwa kufika 350 ° C, imasungunuka ndipo ikatenthedwa kufika 520 ° C, imawira. Kuyamwa kwake chinyezi kumakhala kochepa, ndipo nthawi yamvula imatha kuyamwa chinyezi kuti chikhale chokoma. Pa zitsulo zachitsulo ndi zitsulo zina, zimawononga, zomwe, makamaka, zimakhala ndi dzimbiri la mkuwa koma palibe dzimbiri la chitsulo cha nkhumba. Ammonium chloride ingapezeke kuchokera ku neutralization reaction ya ammonia ndi hydrogen chloride kapena ammonia ndi hydrochloric acid (reaction equation: NH3 + HCl → NH4Cl). Ikatenthedwa, imawola kukhala hydrogen chloride ndi ammonia reaction (equation: NH4Cl → NH3 + HCl) ndipo reaction imakhala kumanja kokha ngati chidebecho chili chotseguka.
Ammonium chloride imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa mabatire ouma, mabatire osungira, mchere wa ammonium, kupukuta, kuphimba, mankhwala, kujambula zithunzi, ma electrode, zomatira, ndi zina zotero. Ammonium chloride ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni womwe umapezeka womwe uli ndi nayitrogeni wokwanira 24% mpaka 25%. Ndi feteleza wokhala ndi asidi wofunikira pa tirigu, mpunga, chimanga, mbewu za rapeseed ndi mbewu zina. Uli ndi zotsatira zowonjezera kulimba kwa ulusi ndi kupsinjika komanso kukweza khalidwe makamaka pa mbewu za thonje ndi nsalu. Komabe, chifukwa cha mtundu wa ammonium chloride, ngati kugwiritsa ntchito sikuli bwino, kumabweretsa zotsatirapo zoipa panthaka ndi mbewu.
Mikhalidwe yaukadaulo: kukhazikitsidwa kwa muyezo wa dziko lonse wa People's Republic of China GB-2946-82.
1. Maonekedwe: kristalo woyera
2. kuchuluka kwa ammonium chloride (maziko ouma) ≥ 99.3%
3. chinyezi ≤1.0%
4. kuchuluka kwa sodium chloride (youma) ≤0.2%
5. kuchuluka kwa chitsulo ≤0.001%
6. kuchuluka kwa zitsulo zolemera (malinga ndi Pb) ≤0.0005%
7. madzi osasungunuka ≤0.02%
8. kuchuluka kwa sulfate (malinga ndi SO42-) ≤0.02%
9. pH: 4.2-5.8
Ammonium chloride imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chokhuthala komanso ngati chowonjezera mu ma toners osamwa mowa. Malinga ndi opanga zokongoletsa, gawo la ammonium limapereka kumva kuwawa kapena kuuma komwe anthu ena amalumikiza ndi ma toners kapena aftershaves, ndipo, mu ma toners wamba, nthawi zambiri amaperekedwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mowa. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa ammonium chloride kumachitika chifukwa cha kukonda kwambiri mawonekedwe opangira.
Ammonium Chloride ndi chakudya chokonzera mtanda ndi yisiti chomwe chimapezeka ngati makhiristo opanda mtundu kapena ufa woyera wa kristalo. Pafupifupi 30–38 g imasungunuka m'madzi pa 25°c. pH ya yankho la 1% pa 25°c ndi 5.2. imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholimbitsa mtanda ndi chowonjezera kukoma mu zophikidwa komanso ngati gwero la nayitrogeni pakuphika yisiti. imagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu zokometsera ndi zakudya zokazinga. Mawu ena a mchere ndi ammonium muriate.
Makristalo oyera opangidwa ndi mchere wa ammonia omwe amagwira ntchito pa hydrochloric acid kenako n’kupangidwanso ndi crystallization. Ammonium chloride imadziwikanso kuti sal ammoniac. Posungunuka m’madzi ndi mowa, ammonium chloride imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati halide m’njira zambiri, kuphatikizapo pepala lokhala ndi mchere, pepala la albumen, albumen opaltype, ndi njira za gelatin emulsion.