Pankhani ya kusintha kwatsopano kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo komanso kukwera kwa dziko lonse lapansi, kupezeka kwa mphamvu zatsopano kwachepa, pomwe minda yomwe ikubwera ikukulirakulirabe. Magawo ena monga zinthu za fluorine, mankhwala a phosphorous, aramid ndi mafakitale ena akuyembekezeka kupitilira. Ilinso ndi chiyembekezo chamtsogolo cha chitukuko.
Makampani opanga mankhwala a fluorine: Malo amsika akukulirakulira nthawi zonse
Mu 2022, ntchito ya makampani olembetsedwa ku fluorochemical inali yabwino kwambiri. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosakwanira, m'magawo atatu oyamba, phindu lonse la makampani olembetsedwa ku fluorochemical opitilira 10 linawonjezeka chaka chonse, ndipo phindu lonse la makampani ena linawonjezeka ndi nthawi zoposa 6 pachaka. Kuyambira pa refrigerant mpaka ku zinthu zatsopano za fluoride, mpaka mabatire atsopano a lithiamu amphamvu, mankhwala a fluoride akhala akukulitsa msika wawo mosalekeza ndi ubwino wawo wapadera.
Fluorite ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa unyolo wa makampani opanga ma fluorochemical. Asidi wa hydrofluoric wopangidwa ndi zinthu zopangira ndiye maziko a makampani opanga ma fluorous amakono. Monga maziko a unyolo wonse wa makampani opanga ma fluorochemical, hydrofluoric acid ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga zinthu zopangira ma fluorine apakati komanso otsika. Makampani akuluakulu omwe ali pansi pake ndi monga refrigerant.
Malinga ndi "Montreal Protocol", mu 2024, kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafiriji a mibadwo itatu m'dziko langa kudzaima pamlingo woyambira. Lipoti la Kafukufuku wa Yangtze Securities likukhulupirira kuti pambuyo pa kupikisana kwa mibadwo itatu ya refrigerant quota, mabizinesi angabwerere pamlingo wogulira womwe umayang'ana kwambiri msika. Chiwerengero cha refrigerant ya mibadwo itatu mu 2024 chinatsekedwa mwalamulo, ndipo chiwerengero chowonjezeka cha refrigerant ya mibadwo yachiwiri mu 2025 chinachepetsedwa ndi 67.5%. Akuyembekezeka kubweretsa kusiyana kwa matani 140,000 pachaka. Ponena za kufunikira, kulimba kwa makampani ogulitsa nyumba kulipobe. Pansi pa kukhathamiritsa kwa kupewa ndi kuwongolera mliriwu, mafakitale monga zida zapakhomo angabwerere pang'onopang'ono. Akuyembekezeka kuti mibadwo itatu ya refrigerant ikuyembekezeka kubwerera m'mbuyo kuchokera pansi pa chitukuko.
Bungwe Lofufuza Zamakampani Amalonda ku China likuneneratu kuti chifukwa cha kukula kwachangu kwa mphamvu zatsopano, magalimoto atsopano amphamvu, ma semiconductors, zamagetsi, ndi mafakitale azachipatala, zinthu zosinthira zomwe zili ndi fluorine, monomer yapadera ya fluoride, fluoride coolant, mtundu watsopano wa chozimitsira moto chomwe chili ndi fluorine, ndi zina zotero. Kukula kwa mitundu yatsopano yaukadaulo wamankhwala wabwino wokhala ndi fluorine kwapitirira kukula. Malo amsika amakampani awa akuchulukirachulukira, zomwe zibweretsa kukula kwatsopano kumakampani opanga mankhwala opangidwa ndi fluorine.
Makampani a China Galaxy Securities ndi Guosen Securities akukhulupirira kuti zinthu zamakono zamakono zikuyembekezeka kupitiliza kukweza kuchuluka kwa malo okhala, ndipo ali ndi chiyembekezo chabwino pa mbale za fluorite monga fluorite-refrigerant.
Makampani opanga mankhwala a phosphorous: Kuchuluka kwa ntchito yotsika kwakulitsidwa
Mu 2022, chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka zinthu komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu “kulamulira kawiri”, mphamvu yatsopano yopangira zinthu zopangidwa ndi phosphorous ili ndi mphamvu zochepa zopangira komanso mitengo yokwera, zomwe zimayika maziko a ntchito ya gawo la mankhwala a phosphorous.
Miyala ya phosphate ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa unyolo wa makampani opanga mankhwala a phosphate. Pansi pake pali feteleza wa phosphate, phosphate ya chakudya, phosphate ya lithiamu ndi zinthu zina. Pakati pawo, lithiamu ndi phosphate yachitsulo ndi gulu lopambana kwambiri mu unyolo wa makampani opanga mankhwala a phosphate.
Zikumveka kuti tani imodzi iliyonse ya phosphate yachitsulo imapangidwa ndi matani 0.5 ~ 0.65, ndi matani 0.8 a ammonium phosphate imodzi. Kukula kwachangu kwa kufunikira kwa lithiamu iron phosphate kudzera mu unyolo wa mafakitale kupita ku transmission yopita pamwamba kudzawonjezera kufunikira kwa phosphate ore m'munda wa mphamvu zatsopano. Pakupanga kwenikweni, batire ya 1gWh lithium iron phosphate imafuna matani 2500 a lithiamu iron phosphate orthopedic zipangizo, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi matani 1440 a phosphate (kupindidwa, ndiko kuti, P2O5 = 100%). Akuti pofika chaka cha 2025, kufunikira kwa phosphate yachitsulo kudzafika matani 1.914 miliyoni, ndipo kufunikira kofanana kwa phosphate ore kudzakhala matani 1.11 miliyoni, zomwe zimapangitsa pafupifupi 4.2% ya kufunikira konse kwa phosphate ore.
Lipoti la Kafukufuku wa Guosen Securities likukhulupirira kuti zinthu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi maphwando ambiri zidzalimbikitsa pamodzi kupita patsogolo kwa makampani opanga mankhwala a phosphorous. Kuchokera ku lingaliro la kukwera kwa madzi, poganizira za kuwonjezeka kwa malire olowera mafakitale mtsogolo komanso kupsinjika kwakukulu kwa chitetezo cha chilengedwe, mbali yake yoperekera ipitiliza kulimba, ndipo kusowa kwa zinthu kuli koonekeratu. Mitengo yamagetsi yakunja yofanana yakwera kuti ikweze mtengo wokwera wa mankhwala a phosphorous kunja, ndipo phindu la ndalama la mabizinesi oyenerera akunja lawonekera. Kuphatikiza apo, vuto la tirigu padziko lonse lapansi ndi kuzungulira kwachuma kwaulimi kudzalimbikitsa kufunikira kwa feteleza wa phosphate; kukula kwakukulu kwa mabatire a phosphate yachitsulo kumaperekanso kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa kufunikira kwa phosphate ore.
Capital Securities inati chifukwa chachikulu cha kukwera kwa mitengo kwa chuma padziko lonse lapansi ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu, kuphatikizapo kusagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zaka 5-10 zapitazi, kuphatikizapo kusowa kwa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zaka 5-10 zapitazi, komanso kutulutsidwa kwa zinthu zatsopano kudzatenga nthawi yayitali. Kuvuta kwa phosphorous ore komwe kumachitika chaka chino n'kovuta kuchepetsa.
Mabungwe otseguka amakhulupirira kuti njira yatsopano yamagetsi yapitilirabe kutukuka kwambiri ndipo yakhala ndi chiyembekezo pa zinthu zotsogola monga mankhwala a phosphorous kwa nthawi yayitali.
Aramid：Zatsopano kuti bizinesi ikule pang'onopang'ono
Chifukwa cha kukula kwa makampani opanga mauthenga mwachangu, aramid yakhala ikukopa chidwi cha anthu ambiri kuchokera kumsika wamalonda.
Ulusi wa Aramid ndi umodzi mwa ulusi atatu ogwira ntchito kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi. Uli m'gulu la makampani atsopano aukadaulo ndipo ndi chinthu chapamwamba kwambiri chothandizira dzikolo kwa nthawi yayitali. Mu Epulo 2022, Unduna wa Zamalonda ndi Ukadaulo wa Chidziwitso ndi National Development and Reform Commission pamodzi adapereka lingaliro lakuti ndikofunikira kukonza kuchuluka kwa ulusi wogwira ntchito bwino ndikuthandizira kugwiritsa ntchito aramid m'munda wapamwamba kwambiri.
Aramid ili ndi mitundu iwiri yokonzedwa ya aramid ndi medium, ndipo gawo lalikulu pansi pake limaphatikizapo mafakitale a fiber fiber cable. Deta ikuwonetsa kuti mu 2021, kukula kwa msika wa aramid padziko lonse lapansi kunali US $ 3.9 biliyoni, ndipo akuyembekezeka kukwera kufika US $ 6.3 biliyoni mu 2026, ndi kuchuluka kwa pachaka kwa 9.7%.
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, makampani opanga zingwe za kuwala ku China apita patsogolo mofulumira ndipo afika pamalo oyamba padziko lonse lapansi. Malinga ndi ziwerengero kuchokera ku Unduna wa Zachuma ndi Ukadaulo Wazidziwitso, kutalika konse kwa chingwe cha kuwala cha dziko lonse mu 2021 kunafika makilomita 54.88 miliyoni, ndipo kufunikira kwa zinthu zapamwamba za aramid kunali pafupi matani 4,000, zomwe 90% mwa izo zimadalirabe zinthu zomwe zimatumizidwa kunja. Pofika theka loyamba la 2022, kutalika konse kwa chingwe cha kuwala cha dziko lonse kunafika makilomita 57.91 miliyoni, kuwonjezeka kwa 8.2% pachaka.
Yangtze Securities, Huaxin Securities, ndi Guosen Securities amakhulupirira kuti pankhani yogwiritsira ntchito, miyezo ya zida zodzitetezera pakati pa aramid idzapita patsogolo pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kufunikira kwa aramid m'munda wa kulumikizana kwa kuwala ndi rabara kudzakhalabe kolimba. Kuphatikiza apo, kufunikira kwa msika wa lithiamu-electrodermilida wokutira ndi kwakukulu. Chifukwa cha kufulumira kwa njira zina za aramid zapakhomo, kuchuluka kwa kuyika zinthu m'nyumba mtsogolomu kukuyembekezeka kuwonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo masheya oyenera ayenera kuganiziridwa.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-10-2023