Mphepo ya masika ndi yotentha, ndipo chilichonse chabwezeretsedwa. Minda ndi malo obiriwira akuwonetsa malo otanganidwa a masika oyambirira a masika. Pamene nyengo ikutentha, ulimi ukukwera kuchokera kum'mwera kupita kumpoto, ndipo nyengo yayikulu ya feteleza wa phosphate yafikanso. "Ngakhale nyengo ya feteleza yachedwa chaka chino, kuchuluka kwa ntchito kwa makampani opanga feteleza wa phosphate kwawonjezeka kwambiri pambuyo pa Chikondwerero cha Masika. Kupezeka kwa feteleza wa phosphate ndikotsimikizika, komwe kungakwaniritse zosowa za ulimi wa masika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito. Pankhani yosungira zonse, mtengo wa feteleza wa phosphate panthawi yolima masika udzakhalabe bwino.
Chitsimikizo champhamvu cha kupezeka ndi kufunikira
Pambuyo pa Chikondwerero cha Masika, chifukwa cha kufunika kwakukulu kwa msika waulimi wa masika, msika unayamba umodzi motsatizana, pamodzi ndi kukhazikitsa mfundo za dziko lonse zotsimikizira kuti pali kupezeka ndi mitengo yokhazikika, kuchuluka kwa ntchito kwa mafakitale a feteleza a phosphate kunapitirira kukwera, ndipo zokolola zinawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono. "Ngakhale kuti mabizinesi ena akumana ndi mavuto pakugula phosphate ore, ambiri mwa iwo ali ndi mafuta osaphika okwanira monga phosphate ore, sulfure ndi synthetic ammonia, komanso kupanga zomera mwachizolowezi. Kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse kwa monoammonium phosphate ndi diammonium phosphate industry kuli pafupifupi 70%." "Wang Ying adatero.
Kuchuluka kwa monoammonium phosphate ndi diammonium phosphate ku China n'koopsa, kotero ngakhale kuti pali kuchuluka kwa zinthu zotumizidwa kunja chaka chilichonse, komabe kungakutsimikizireni kuti zinthuzo zidzatumizidwa kunja. Pakadali pano, makampani opanga feteleza a phosphate omwe akugwira ntchito safika pa 80% ya zinthuzo, osati kungokwaniritsa zosowa zapakhomo, komanso kutumiza kunja mwadongosolo, kotero palibe vuto pa ulimi wa masika.
Malinga ndi Li Hui, mkulu wa China Fertilizer Information Center, chikalata cha Central No. 1 chomwe chatulutsidwa kumene chatchulanso vuto la chitetezo cha chakudya ndi kupanga bwino komanso kupanga bwino, zomwe zalimbikitsa alimi kufunitsitsa kubzala, zomwe zapangitsa kuti zosowa za ulimi monga feteleza wa phosphate ziwonjezeke. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa feteleza watsopano ndi kuteteza chilengedwe kutengera feteleza watsopano wotulutsa pang'onopang'ono, feteleza wa nitro compound, feteleza wosungunuka m'madzi, feteleza wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi feteleza wopakidwa, ndi zina zotero, kwathandizanso kukula kwa kufunikira kwa feteleza wa phosphate pamlingo winawake.
"Mu February, kuchuluka kwa makampani a cyclopylodium-phosphate kunali pafupifupi matani 69,000, kuwonjezeka kwa 118.92% pachaka; kuchuluka kwapakati kwa kampani imodzi ya ammonium-phosphate kunali pafupifupi matani 83,800, kuwonjezeka kwa 4.09% pachaka." Malinga ndi malamulo onse a boma okhudzana ndi mtengo wotsimikizika ndi boma, akuyembekezeka kuti feteleza wolima masika pamsika wa feteleza wa phosphate ukuyembekezeka kutsimikizika.
Mitengo ndi yokhazikika komanso ikupita patsogolo
Pakadali pano, msika wokonzanso phosphorous uli pachimake pa kulima kwa masika. Dzikoli lakhazikitsa mfundo zingapo zokhazikika pakupereka, ndipo mtengo wa feteleza wa phosphate ukuyembekezeka kukweranso.
"Mtengo wa phosphorous ore wakwera pang'onopang'ono, mtengo wa sulfure ukukwera, ammonia yamadzimadzi ndi yokhazikika komanso yabwino, ndipo zinthu zambiri zimalimbikitsa kuthandizira ndalama zothandizira feteleza wa phosphate." Qiao Liying adatero.
Wang Fuguang adafufuza kuti kuchuluka kwa phosphorous ore komwe kulipo pakadali pano kuli kochepa, zinthu zomwe zili m'sitolo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochepa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mabizinesi ndikokwanira. Ponseponse, chifukwa cha kuuma kwa phosphate ore, msika ukuchepa, ndipo mtengo wa phosphate ore wa nthawi yochepa ukupitirirabe kukhala wapamwamba.
Zikumveka kuti mtengo wa doko la Mtsinje wa Yangtze uli ndi yuan 1300 (mtengo wa matani, womwewo pansipa), poyerekeza ndi kukwera kwakale kwa yuan 30. Msika wa phosphate ore ndi wabwino, ndipo mtengo ukukwera pang'ono. Mtengo wa 30% phosphate ore vehicle plate ku Guizhou ndi 980 ~ 1100 yuan, mtengo wa 30% phosphate ore ship plate ku Hubei ndi 1035 ~ 1045 yuan, ndipo mtengo wa 30% phosphate ore ku Yunnan ndi 1050 yuan kapena kupitirira apo. Kukonza ndi kulephera kwa fakitale yopanga ammonia sikunabwezeretsedwe mokwanira, ndipo msika udakali wochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtengo wa ammonia yopangidwa ukwerenso, ndi 50 ~ 100 yuan ku Central ndi East China.
"Matanthwe a Phosphate ndi chuma chosungiramo zinthu, choletsedwa ndi chitetezo, kuteteza chilengedwe ndi zinthu zina, zomwe zimakhudza migodi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtengo wake ukhale wolimba. Ndipo sulfure imafunika zinthu zambiri zochokera kunja, mitengo yaposachedwa ya sulfure, sulfure acid ikukweranso, zomwe zikuwonjezera mtengo wopanga feteleza wa phosphate. Ndikuganiza kuti mtengo wa feteleza wa phosphorous udzakhala wokhazikika panthawi yolima masika, koma palinso kuthekera kwa phindu laling'ono." Zhao Chengyun adatero.
Pakadali pano, mtengo wa monoammonium phosphate ukupitirira kukwera, chithandizo chabwino chikuwonjezeka, mtengo wa Hubei 55% ufa wa monoammonium phosphate waukulu wa fakitale wa 3200 ~ 3350 yuan, malingaliro ogulira feteleza wophatikizika ayambiranso, msika wamtsogolo ukuyembekezeka kuwonjezeka kwa ogulitsa, msika wa monoammonium phosphate nawonso udzatentha; Malingaliro amsika a diammonium phosphate akwera, dera la Hubei 64% ya mtengo wa diammonium phosphate waukulu wa fakitale wa pafupifupi 3800 yuan, msika ukufulumira, amalonda akumunsi akudikira ndikuwona malingaliro akufooka pang'ono.
Pewani kugula zinthu zonse pamodzi
Akatswiri a zamakampani amakhulupirira kuti, ngakhale kuti nthawi ya feteleza ya ulimi wa masika chaka chino yachedwa pafupifupi masiku 20, koma chifukwa cha kufika kwa kufunikira kwakukulu, mitengo ya feteleza ya phosphate idzakhalabe yokhazikika komanso yaying'ono, ogulitsa azigula pasadakhale kuti apewe kugula pakati chifukwa cha chiopsezo cha kukwera kwa mitengo.
"Ponseponse, msika wa feteleza wa phosphate womwe ukuchitika pakadali pano ukulephera kugwira ntchito, mtengo wa nthawi yochepa uyenera kukhazikika. Pamapeto pake, tiyenera kuyang'anitsitsa kwambiri kusintha kwa zinthu zopangira, kufunikira kwa ulimi wa masika, ndi mfundo zotumizira kunja." Joli Ying adatero.
"Popeza kupindula ndi chitukuko chachangu cha magalimoto atsopano amphamvu, kufunikira kwa mabatire a lithiamu iron phosphate kuli kwakukulu, zomwe zikuchititsa kuti pakhale kufunikira kwa phosphate, njira yonyowetsa phosphate, ndi phosphate ya mafakitale. Ikuyenda bwino. "Wang Ying adati makampani opanga feteleza a phosphate ayenera kuyang'ana mitengo yoyenera, kulabadira momwe masoka a nyengo amakhudzira ulimi ndi kukula kwa malo obzala, ndikupanga kafukufuku ndi kuweruza pakusintha kwa zinthu zambiri zokhudzana nazo, kupewa zoopsa, kuzindikira makampani, kuzindikira makampani. Kugwira ntchito mokhazikika ndikuyesetsa kupeza phindu lalikulu."
Wang Fuguang adapempha makampani opanga feteleza wophatikizana ndi ogulitsa ndalama zaulimi kuti achite nawo mwachangu feteleza wolima masika, ayang'ane bwino momwe msika ulili panopa, asunge bwino kulima masika ndikugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ndi feteleza wachilimwe. Kusalingana kwa mitengo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-15-2023