Mu ndondomeko ya mafakitale amafuta ndi mankhwala mdziko langa kuyambira pakupanga zinthu zazikulu mpaka kupanga zinthu zapamwamba, zotsatira zatsopano m'munda wa zipangizo zatsopano zomwe zimakhala ndi mitengo yotsika yolowera ndi mabizinesi otsika akunyumba zabuka ngati bowa, ndipo ziwiri zawo, polyolefin elastomers (POE), carbon fiber fiber, ndi carbon fiber. Mkhalidwe wa zipangizo zatsopano monga mapulasitiki owonongeka ndi zipangizo zina zatsopano ndi wosangalatsa. Pa msonkhano wachisanu ndi chimodzi wa kafukufuku wa sayansi wa kafukufuku wa sayansi ndi madoko ndi China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation womwe unachitikira ku Shanghai pa Epulo 20, Luo Qiming, wachiwiri kwa director wa Science and Technology and Equipment Department of the Petrochemical Federation, adafufuza ndikukonza zinthu.
Zipangizo zofunika kwambiri zachilengedwe zapanga chitukuko
Adiponitrile ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri cha nayiloni 66, chomwe n'chovuta kupanga mwaukadaulo. Mpaka pano, msika wazinthu unali wolamulidwa ndi Invista. M'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cha kukula mwachangu kwa ulusi wa mankhwala, mapulasitiki aukadaulo ndi madera ena, gawo logwiritsira ntchito nayiloni 66 ndi lalikulu, mabizinesi angapo am'nyumba apita patsogolo pakufufuza ndi chitukuko ndi mafakitale a adiponitrile, mapulojekiti a adiponitrile ayamba.
Luo Qiming adayambitsa kuti pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zaukadaulo pakufufuza ndi kupanga adipdinitrile m'dziko muno, zomwe ndi njira ya adipdinic acid ndi njira ya butadiene.
Chongqing Huafeng Group ikumanga fakitale ya adipdinitrile yolemera matani 200,000 kutengera fakitale ya adipdinitrile yolemera matani 100,000 yomwe idzamalizidwe mu 2020 pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya adipdinic acid.
Njira ya butadiene ndi ukadaulo womwe Invista imagwiritsa ntchito, womwe uli ndi ubwino wa njira yochepa yopangira zinthu, mtengo wotsika wa zinthu zopangira zinthu komanso khalidwe labwino la zinthu. Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri za kafukufuku ndi chitukuko, China Chemical Tianchen Qixiang New Materials Co., LTD., kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa butadiene direct hydrocyanidation womanga matani 200,000 pachaka chipangizo cha adiponitrile kwatsegulanso unyolo wonse wamakampani ndikuyamba bwino.
Malinga ndi mtolankhani, magawo a ntchito yomanga matani 50 pachaka ya butadiene method adipdinitrile nawonso adzayamba kugwira ntchito kumapeto kwa chaka chino.
Kusamutsa mitundu ya polyolefin yapamwamba kwambiri
"Njira ya polyethylene ya gasi ndi madzi ndi njira ya polypropylene ya tubular, yomwe ili ndi ufulu wodziyimira pawokha waukadaulo, zonse ziwiri zapangidwa mdziko lathu. "Zogulitsa za polyolefin zapamwamba monga POE ndi UHMWPE (ultra high molecular mass polyethylene) zikanikizani batani la 'accelerator' kuti zipangidwe." Luo Qiming adatero polankhula za chitukuko cha mitundu ya polyolefin yapamwamba.
POE ndi imodzi mwa zipangizo zotsika kwambiri pazinthu zopangidwa, ndipo ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pokonzekera filimu yatsopano ya photovoltaic. Sinopec, yomwe idayamba kufufuza ukadaulo wa mafakitale a POE zaka 20 zapitazo, tsopano ikupindula. Mtolankhaniyo adamva kuti mu Chiwonetsero cha 35 cha China International Rubber and Plastic Exhibition chomwe changomalizidwa kumene, Sinopec idatulutsa mndandanda wazinthu zatsopano kuphatikiza POE elastomer, Sinopec idakhala woyamba kupereka patent yaukadaulo wapakhomo wokhala ndi POE yonse ya ufulu wodziyimira pawokha wazinthu zanzeru.
Nthawi yomweyo, Wanhua Chemical ndi ena ali ndi zofunikira pakukweza mafakitale a POE. Deta ikuwonetsa kuti kuyambira mu Marichi 2023, mphamvu zopangira zapakhomo zomwe zikukonzekera kumangidwa ku China zafika matani 2.1 miliyoni. M'zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zikubwerazi, dziko langa likuyamba kukulitsa kupanga kwa POE.
Chifukwa cha ntchito yake yabwino kwambiri yogulitsa zinthu, UHMWPE yalandira chidwi chachikulu kuchokera ku makampani opanga mafuta ndi mphamvu m'zaka zaposachedwa. Malinga ndi mtolankhaniyo, kuyambira mu Julayi 2022, Daqing Petrochemical, Jiangsu Sturbang, ndi Shanghai Chemical Research Institute alowa mumakampani a UHMWPE munjira yopanga zinthu zatsopano kapena kukulitsa mphamvu. Pakati pawo, njira yopangira zinthu za Daqing Petrochemical makamaka ndi lithiamu batire diaphragm. Njira yopangira zinthu zokwana matani 20,000 pachaka ku Jiangsu Serbon imadaliranso kwambiri lithiamu batire diaphragm ndi ulusi. Zipangizo za ulusi, zida za lithiamu batire diaphragm ndi utomoni wosungunuka ndiye zazikulu.
Mu Marichi watha, chipangizo cha UHMWPE cha chubu cha mphete ya stasis cha matani 30,000 cha Shanghai Chemical Research Institute chinayamba kupangidwa, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti dziko langa lapita patsogolo kwambiri muukadaulo woyamba padziko lonse lapansi. Diaphragm yokhala ndi ulusi wambiri ndi lithiamu batire imapereka utomoni woyambira.
Ukadaulo wotsogola wa zinthu zomwe zimatha kuwola
Kukhazikitsa lamulo loletsa dongosolo la pulasitiki kumawonjezera "moto" pakupanga ndi kupanga zinthu zomwe zingawonongeke. Malinga ndi Luo Qiming, dziko langa lakhala ndi luso la polycolic acid (PGA), polynxyl-bonol (PBS), polyphonal acid -hexyl-bonol (PBAT), polystumin (PLA), Polybon (PCL), Polycarbonate (PPC), Polycroxy Fatty acid ester (PHA) ndi ukadaulo wina wopanga mafakitale, umaphimba gulu lalikulu la pulasitiki yomwe ingawonongeke, ndipo wapanga mitundu ya pulasitiki yomwe ingawonongeke padziko lonse lapansi. Dongosolo lonse la mafakitale.
PLA pakadali pano ndiye zipangizo zomwe zimawonongeka kwambiri pakufufuza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito. Ukadaulo wofunikira wapanga zinthu zatsopano ku China, ndipo ukhoza kupikisana mokwanira ndi zinthu zochokera kunja. Kuphatikiza apo, pali mitundu yambiri yatsopano ya utomoni wowonongeka koyamba m'dziko langa, monga PGA, polytic benzonite dilate (PBST), ndi rabara yoyamba ya polyester yowonongeka m'dziko langa la Essence.
Malinga ndi atolankhani, kampani ya Shanghai Dong Geng yapanga ukadaulo wodziyimira pawokha pa njira yovomerezeka ya PGA ya mipata ya ethyl ester, yomwe ingapeze PGA ya digiri yachipatala; Beijing University of Chemical Technology's Advanced Elastic Body Material Research Center imadutsa mu rabara ya polymer yodziwika bwino yokhala ndi molekyulu yambiri. Njira yopangira yopitilira yapanga gawo lachilengedwe kuti liwononge zinthu za rabara ya polyester ndikumaliza mayeso oyeserera a matani masauzande ambiri.
Njira yatsopano yopangira mphira yadzaza malo olakwika
Kusintha kwa ntchito ya rabara ya polystyrene butadiene yosungunuka ndi nkhani yofunika kwambiri pankhani ya rabara ya polystyrene butadiene yosungunuka, yomwe ingasinthe kwambiri makhalidwe a zinthu za rabara, koma palibe zinthu zamafakitale zomwe zayambitsidwa ku China. Mu Meyi 2021, petrochina, Tongji University ndi Dalian University of Technology adapanga limodzi ukadaulo wopangira rabara ya polystyrene butadiene yosungunuka, ndipo adamaliza seti yoyamba ya chipangizo chogwirira ntchito cha rabara ya polystyrene butadiene yosungunuka ku Dushanzi Petrochemical ku China. Chogulitsachi chagwiritsidwa ntchito mu rabara yobiriwira yopyapyala.
Rabala ya Neoprene ndi imodzi mwa zipangizo zofunika kwambiri pa chuma cha dziko komanso makampani oteteza dziko. Koma kupanga butadiene kwa njira ya neoprene ndi kovuta, ukadaulo wa zida ndi wovuta. Jinjiao Hi-tech (Shanghai) Co., LTD., yaswa "fupa lolimba" ili, yapanga njira yatsopano ya mphira ya butadiene neoprene, ndipo yamaliza mayeso oyeserera. "Poyerekeza ndi njira yathu yachikhalidwe ya calcium carbide, njirayi imatha kupambana bwino kwambiri pamtengo wopangira komanso mtundu wa malonda." Luo Qiming adatero.
Zinthu zazikulu za pulasitiki yaukadaulo ndi ulusi wapadera ndizodziwika bwino
Ulusi wa kaboni, womwe umadziwika kuti "Mfumu ya Zipangizo Zatsopano", ndi chinthu chatsopano chofunikira kwambiri pa chuma cha dziko komanso kumanga chitetezo cha dziko. Dziko langa tsopano lakhala dziko lachitatu lomwe lili ndi ukadaulo wapamwamba wa ulusi wa kaboni pambuyo pa Japan ndi United States. "Ulusi wa kaboni wa dziko langa wa T300 wafika pamlingo wa zinthu zofanana zakunja; ulusi wa kaboni wa T700 ndi T800 wapanga mafakitale; ukadaulo wa ulusi wa kaboni wa T1000 ndi M55J wapanga kupita patsogolo muukadaulo wofunikira, ndipo wayamba kupanga." Luo Qiming adatero.
Ulusi wa polytamide wamphamvu kwambiri uli ndi mwayi wogwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo apamwamba monga ndege, ndege, zamagetsi, ndi chitetezo. Beijing University of Chemical Technology yapanga ukadaulo wopanga ulusi wa polytamide wamphamvu kwambiri, womwe umagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu kupanga mzere woyamba wopanga ulusi wa polytamide wamphamvu kwambiri kunyumba ndi kunja, ndikupanga zinthu zingapo.
Kuphatikiza apo, phenolic polyford polyford etherone ketone yomwe idapangidwa ndi Dalian University of Science and Technology ndi Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian chemicals ndiyonso yoyamba padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo zida zonse zamafakitale zamangidwa.
Mankhwala apakompyuta akupita patsogolo mwachangu
Kukwera mwachangu kwa makampani atsopano opanga mphamvu kwabweretsa mankhwala apakompyuta ku mwayi wopititsa patsogolo chitukuko, ndipo mpikisano wa mabizinesi ambiri am'nyumba wapita patsogolo mwachangu kuti alimbikitse ukadaulo wa mankhwala apakompyuta.
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, mphamvu ya phosphate ya dziko langa yopangidwa ndi mafakitale komanso chakudya yakhala yochulukirapo, koma zipangizo zofunika kwambiri zopangira ma chip monga phosphate yamagetsi yoyera kwambiri yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi zinthu zochokera kunja. Pambuyo pa zaka zoposa 10 zoyesayesa mosalekeza, phosphate yamagetsi yoyera kwambiri ya Xingfa Group yafika pamlingo wa chiyero cha phosphate kuyambira "3 9″ mpaka "9 9″".
Hydrofluoric acid yamagetsi imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poyeretsa ndi kuwononga ma circuits ophatikizidwa ndi ma circuits akuluakulu ophatikizidwa. Mmodzi mwa atsogoleri a mankhwala apakhomo amagetsi adalowa mwalamulo mu dongosolo loperekera la TSMC mu Meyi 2022, ndipo adayamba kuyang'ana. Kutumiza kwa zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zamtundu wa premium, zomwe makamaka ndi ma hydrofluoric acid mu semiconductor-grade.
Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwala ena amagetsi onyowa omwe adapangidwa ndikupangidwa ndi Suzhou Jingrui, monga hydrogen peroxide ndi sulfuric acid, Haohua Gas, nitrogen trifluoride ya Sinoship 718 Institute, mpweya wa chlorine woyera kwambiri ndi hydrogen chloride ya mpweya wa Taihe, mpweya wapadera wa Jiangsu Jacque, polishing pad ya Hubei Dinglong ndi mankhwala ena amagetsi nawonso akwaniritsa zofunikira pakupanga ma chip apamwamba.
"Kupanga argon fluoride photoresist ya ma process chips apamwamba, omwe ndi ovuta kwambiri, akadali vuto." Luo Qiming adati ngakhale kuti mayunitsi ambiri am'nyumba motsatana kuyambira resin monomer, photoinitiator, solvent mpaka photoresist kuti athetse unyolo wonse wamakampani, koma pakadali pano ndi gawo limodzi chabe la zinthu zomwe zikulowa mu mayeso amakampani otsika.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-08-2023