Pakadali pano, zakumwa zoledzeretsa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi 2-propylheptanol (2-PH) ndi sononyl mowa (INA), zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga mapulasitiki am'badwo wotsatira. Esters opangidwa kuchokera ku zakumwa zoledzeretsa monga 2-PH ndi INA amapereka chitetezo chochulukirapo komanso kusamala zachilengedwe.
2-PH imakhudzidwa ndi phthalic anhydride kupanga di(2-propylheptyl) phthalate (DPHP). Zogulitsa za PVC zopangidwa ndi DPHP zimawonetsa kutenthetsa kwamagetsi kwapamwamba, kukana kwanyengo, kusakhazikika pang'ono, komanso kutsika kwamafuta amthupi, kuwapangitsa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zingwe, zida zapakhomo, mafilimu azinthu zamagalimoto, ndi mapulasitiki apansi. Kuphatikiza apo, 2-PH itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zapagulu zomwe sizigwira ntchito kwambiri. Mu 2012, BASF ndi Sinopec Yangzi Petrochemical pamodzi adapereka ntchito yopangira matani 80,000 pachaka 2-PH, chomera choyamba cha 2-PH ku China. Mu 2014, Shenhua Baotou Coal Chemical Company inakhazikitsa gawo lopanga 2-PH la matani 60,000 pachaka, projekiti yoyamba yaku China yopangira malasha 2-PH. Pakali pano, makampani angapo omwe ali ndi ntchito za malasha-to-olefin akukonzekera malo a 2-PH, kuphatikizapo Yanchang Petroleum (matani 80,000 / chaka), China Coal Shaanxi Yulin (matani 60,000 / chaka), ndi Inner Mongolia Daxin (matani 72,700 / chaka).
INA imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga diisonyl phthalate (DINP), pulasitiki yofunikira kwambiri yofunikira. Bungwe la International Council of Toy Industries lawona DINP yosakhala yowopsa kwa ana, ndipo kufunikira kwake komwe kukukulirakulira m'zaka zaposachedwa kwachititsa kuti INA ichuluke. DINP imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto, zingwe, pansi, zomangamanga, ndi magawo ena ogulitsa. Mu Okutobala 2015, mgwirizano wa 50:50 pakati pa Sinopec ndi BASF unayamba kupanga pafakitale ya INA yokwana matani 180,000 pachaka ku Maoming, Guangdong—malo okhawo opanga INA ku China. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwapakhomo kumafika pafupifupi matani 300,000, ndikusiya kusiyana. Ntchitoyi isanachitike, China idadalira kwambiri zogula kuchokera ku INA, ndi matani 286,000 omwe adatumizidwa ku 2016.
Onse 2-PH ndi INA amapangidwa pochita butenes kuchokera ku C4 mitsinje yokhala ndi ma syngas (H₂ ndi CO). Njirayi imagwiritsa ntchito zopangira zitsulo zodziwika bwino, ndipo kaphatikizidwe ndi kusankha kwazinthu izi kumakhalabe zopinga zazikulu pakupanga 2-PH ndi INA. M'zaka zaposachedwa, mabungwe angapo aku China ofufuza apita patsogolo paukadaulo wopanga INA komanso chitukuko chothandizira. Mwachitsanzo, C1 Chemistry Laboratory ya Tsinghua University idagwiritsa ntchito ma octenes osakanikirana kuchokera ku butene oligomerization monga feedstock ndi rhodium catalyst yokhala ndi triphenylphosphine oxide ngati ligand, kukwaniritsa zokolola za 90% za nyamananal, zomwe zimapereka maziko olimba akukula kwa mafakitale.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-14-2025