Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti sulphobitter, mchere wowawa, mchere wa cathartic, mchere wa Epsom, mankhwala a MgSO4·7H2O), ndi ma crystals oyera kapena opanda mtundu acicular kapena oblique columnar, opanda fungo, ozizira komanso owawa pang'ono. Pambuyo powola kutentha, madzi a crystalline amachotsedwa pang'onopang'ono kukhala anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga feteleza, chikopa, kusindikiza ndi kupaka utoto, catalyst, kupanga mapepala, mapulasitiki, porcelain, utoto, machesi, zophulika ndi zinthu zosapsa moto. Ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusindikiza ndi kupaka utoto nsalu yopyapyala ya thonje ndi silika, ngati cholemetsa cha silika wa thonje ndi chodzaza zinthu za kapok, ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mchere wa Epsom mu mankhwala.
Kapangidwe ka thupi:
Mawonekedwe ndi makhalidwe ake: ndi a dongosolo la kristalo la rhombic, la ngodya zinayi lokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono kapena rhombic, lopanda mtundu, lowonekera bwino, lopangidwa kuti likhale loyera, lofiirira kapena lobiriwira. Mawonekedwe ake ndi a ulusi, acicular, granular kapena ufa. Lopanda fungo, kukoma kowawa.
Kusungunuka: Kusungunuka mosavuta m'madzi, kusungunuka pang'ono mu ethanol ndi glycerol.
Kapangidwe ka mankhwala:
Kukhazikika: Kokhazikika mumlengalenga wonyowa pansi pa 48.1 ° C. N'kosavuta kukhazikika mumlengalenga wofunda komanso wouma. Ikapitirira 48.1 ° C, imataya madzi a kristalo ndipo imakhala sulfate yamatsenga. Nthawi yomweyo, magnesium sulfate imasungunuka. Pa 70-80 ° C, imataya madzi a kristalo anayi, imataya madzi a kristalo asanu pa 100 ° C, ndipo imataya madzi a kristalo asanu ndi limodzi pa 150 ° C. Pa 200 ° C, magnesium-like water sulfate, zinthu zouma zimayikidwa mumlengalenga wonyowa kuti ziyamwenso madzi. Mu yankho lodzaza la magnesium sulfate, crystalline yophatikizidwa ndi madzi yokhala ndi madzi 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ndi 12 ikhoza kukhala kristalo. Mu yankho lamadzi lodzaza la -1.8 ~ 48.18 ° C, magnesium sulfate imasungunuka, ndipo mu yankho lamadzi lodzaza la 48.1 mpaka 67.5 ° C, magnesium sulfate imasungunuka. Pamene kutentha kuli pamwamba pa 67.5 ° C, magnesium sulfate imasungunuka. Kusungunuka kwa sulfate yamadzi asanu kapena anayi pakati pa ° C ndi magnesium sulfate kunapangidwa. Magnesium sulfate inasinthidwa kukhala magnesium sulfate pa 106 ° C. Magnesium sulfate inasinthidwa kukhala magnesium sulfate pa 122-124 ° C. Magnesium sulfate imasinthidwa kukhala magnesium sulfate yokhazikika pa 161 ～ 169 ℃.
Poizoni: Woopsa
PH: 7, Yosalowerera
Ntchito Yaikulu:
1) Munda wa chakudya
Monga chothandizira pakulimbitsa chakudya, malamulo a dziko langa angagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zamkaka, ndi kuchuluka kwa 3 mpaka 7g/kg; kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu zakumwa zakumwa ndi zakumwa zamkaka ndi 1.4 ～ 2.8g/kg; kuchuluka kwakukulu kogwiritsidwa ntchito mu zakumwa zamchere ndi 0.05g/kg.
2) Munda wa mafakitale
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mchere wa calcium pa madzi a vinyo. Kuonjezera ku 4.4g/100L yamadzi kungapangitse kuti kuuma kwake kukhale kolimba ndi digiri imodzi. Akagwiritsidwa ntchito, amatha kuwawa ndikupanga fungo la hydrogen sulfide.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera cha madzi amchere, zophulika, kupanga mapepala, porcelain, feteleza, ndi mankhwala oletsa kutupa.
3) Munda waulimi
Magnesium sulfate imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu feteleza muulimi chifukwa magnesium ndi chimodzi mwa zigawo zazikulu za chlorophyll. Mbewu za zomera zoyikidwa m'miphika kapena magnesium nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, monga tomato, mbatata, maluwa a duwa, ndi zina zotero. Magnesium sulfate imakhala ndi kusungunuka kwakukulu poyerekeza ndi feteleza zina. Magnesium sulfate imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati mchere wosambira.
Njira yokonzekera:
1) Njira 1:
Sulfuric acid imawonjezeredwa ku magnesium carbonate yachilengedwe (magnesite), carbon dioxide imachotsedwa, imapangidwanso, Kieserite (MgSO4·H2O) imasungunuka m'madzi otentha ndikupangidwanso, yopangidwa kuchokera ku madzi a m'nyanja.
2) Njira 2 (Njira yotulutsira madzi a m'nyanja)
Madzi amchere akaphwanyidwa ndi madzi amchere, mchere wotentha kwambiri umapangidwa, ndipo kapangidwe kake ndi MgSO4>. 30 peresenti. 35%, MgCl2 pafupifupi 7%, KCl pafupifupi 0.5%. Madzi amchere amatha kuchotsedwa ndi yankho la MgCl2 la 200g/L pa 48℃, ndi yankho lochepa la NaCl ndi yankho la MgSO4. Pambuyo polekanitsa, MgSO4·7H2O yopanda mafuta inasungunuka pozizira pa 10℃, ndipo chinthu chomalizidwa chinapezeka pobwezeretsanso madzi.
3) Njira 3 (Njira ya Sulfuric acid)
Mu thanki yochepetsera chinyezi, rhombotrite inawonjezedwa pang'onopang'ono m'madzi ndi mowa wa mayi, kenako inasinthidwa ndi sulfuric acid. Mtundu unasintha kuchoka pa mtundu wa nthaka kupita ku wofiira. pH inawongoleredwa kukhala Be 5, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kunali 1.37 ~ 1.38(39 ~ 40° Be). Yankho lochepetsera chinyezi linasefedwa pa 80℃, kenako pH inasinthidwa kukhala 4 ndi sulfuric acid, makristalo oyenera a mbewu anawonjezedwa, ndikuziziritsidwa kufika pa 30℃ kuti ipangitse kristalo. Pambuyo polekanitsa, chinthu chomalizidwa chimaumitsidwa pa 50~55℃, ndipo mowa wa mayi umabwezeretsedwa ku thanki yochepetsera chinyezi. Magnesium sulfate heptahydrate imathanso kukonzedwa mwa kuchepetsa mphamvu ya sulfuric acid yokhala ndi 65% magnesia mu momorrhea kudzera mu kusefa, precipitation, concentration, crystallization, centrifugal leating ndi dryness, imapangidwa ndi magnesium sulfate.
Equation ya mankhwala a reaction: MgO+H2SO4+6H2O→MgSO4·7H2O.
Malangizo Oyendetsera:Katunduyo ayenera kukhala wokwanira ponyamula, ndipo katunduyo ayenera kukhala wotetezeka. Ponyamula, onetsetsani kuti chidebecho sichikutuluka madzi, kugwa, kugwa, kapena kuwonongeka. N'koletsedwa kusakaniza ndi ma acid ndi mankhwala odyedwa. Ponyamula, chiyenera kutetezedwa ku dzuwa, mvula ndi kutentha kwambiri. Galimoto iyenera kutsukidwa bwino ikatha kunyamula.
Zitetezo zogwirira ntchito:Kugwira ntchito motseka komanso kulimbikitsa mpweya wabwino. Wogwira ntchitoyo ayenera kutsatira njira zogwirira ntchito ataphunzitsidwa mwapadera. Akulimbikitsidwa kuti ogwira ntchito azivala zophimba fumbi zodzipangira okha, magalasi oteteza mankhwala, kuvala zovala zogwirira ntchito zoletsa poizoni, ndi magolovesi a rabara. Pewani fumbi. Pewani kukhudzana ndi asidi. Yatsani ndi kuchotsa pang'ono phukusi kuti phukusi lisawonongeke. Yokhala ndi zida zochizira mwadzidzidzi zomwe zimatuluka. Zidebe zopanda kanthu zitha kukhala zotsalira zovulaza. Ngati kuchuluka kwa fumbi mumlengalenga kwapitirira muyezo, tiyenera kuvala zophimba fumbi zodzipangira okha. Mukapulumutsa kapena kupulumutsa anthu mwadzidzidzi, kuvala zophimba fumbi zodzipangira nokha ziyenera kuvalidwa.
Malangizo Osungira Zinthu:Sungani m'nyumba yosungiramo zinthu yozizira komanso yopatsa mpweya. Pewani moto ndi kutentha. Sungani padera ndi asidi ndipo pewani kusungiramo zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Malo osungiramo zinthu ayenera kukhala ndi zinthu zoyenera kuti zisatuluke madzi.
Kulongedza: 25KG/THUMBA
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-10-2023