Zatsopano Zaposachedwa ndi Kagwiritsidwe Ntchito ka Polyacrylamide (PAM) mu Kuchiza kwa Madzi (2023-2024)

I.Zowona Zamakampani ndi Zotsogola Zatekinoloje

Polyacrylamide (PAM), monga imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zochizira madzi, yapita patsogolo kwambiri pazatsopano zaukadaulo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito msika zaka zaposachedwa. Malinga ndi lipoti laposachedwa la kafukufuku wamsika, msika wapadziko lonse wa PAM udafika $4.58 biliyoni mu 2023 ndipo akuyembekezeka kukula mpaka $6.23 biliyoni pofika 2028, ndi chiwonjezeko chapachaka cha 6.3%. Gawo lochizira madzi limapitilira 65% yazomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe ndizomwe zimayendetsa kukula kwamakampani.

1. Kupambana mu Anionic Polyacrylamide (APAM)

Mu 2023, gulu lofufuza la University of Science and Technology of China lidasindikiza zomwe zapezedwa mu *Nature Water*, ndikupanga bwino buku la APAM lokhala ndi "mayankho anzeru". Pogwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira a maselo, mankhwalawa amatha kusintha masinthidwe ake a maselo kutengera mitundu yoyipitsidwa m'madzi, ndikuwongolera kuchotsa zitsulo zolemera ndi 40%, makamaka zoyenera kuchitira migodi madzi oipa. Deta yakumunda yochokera ku projekiti yoyeretsa madzi a mkuwa ku Jiangxi idawonetsa kuti zinthuzi zidakwanitsa 99.2% kuchotsa ayoni yamkuwa ndikuchepetsa mtengo wamankhwala ndi 35%.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, Mitsubishi Chemical ya ku Japan inayambitsa mndandanda wa APAM wosagwirizana ndi kutentha kwambiri womwe umakhala wokhazikika pa 80-120 ° C, kuthana ndi zovuta zaumisiri pazitsulo zamafuta ndi gasi. Izi zidawonetsa magwiridwe antchito mwapadera pamakina opangira mafuta a Saudi Aramco, kuthamangitsa liwiro la mapangidwe a floc ndi 50% ndikuchepetsa nthawi yokhazikika mpaka magawo awiri mwa atatu azinthu wamba.

2. Kukweza Kwaukadaulo mu Cationic Polyacrylamide (CPAM)

Gawo lochiza zinyalala lawona kusintha kosinthika. Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2024, BASF yaku Germany idakhazikitsa chinthu chatsopano cha CPAM cholemera kwambiri chokhala ndi mamolekyulu opitilira 20 miliyoni. Kupyolera muukadaulo wapadera wolumikizirana, mankhwalawa amapanga zida zomangika pamaneti pomwe amathira madzi a matope, ndikumapeza chinyontho cham'madzi pambuyo pothira pansi pa 58% -kuwongolera kwa 10 peresenti pazogulitsa wamba. Pambuyo potengera lusoli, malo opangira madzi a Municipal wa Paris Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant adachulukitsa 30% pochotsa matope ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi 15%.

Makamaka, oyambitsa achi Dutch adapanga biosynthetic CPAM pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa CRISPR wosintha ma gene. Zopangidwa ndi injiniya *E. coli * nayonso mphamvu, njirayi imapeweratu kugwiritsa ntchito acrylamide monomer, kuchepetsa ecotoxicity ya mankhwala ndi 90% ndi kudula mpweya wa carbon ndi 65% panthawi yopanga. Ngakhale ndalama zomwe zilipo panopa zimakhalabe ~ 20% kuposa njira zopangira mankhwala, ubwino wopikisana nawo ukuyembekezeka kukwaniritsa kupanga kwakukulu pofika 2026.

3. Ntchito Zowonjezereka za Nonionic Polyacrylamide (NPAM)

NPAM imawonetsa maubwino apadera pamankhwala apadera amadzi. Chakumapeto kwa 2023, Dow Chemical idayambitsa gulu la pH-sensitive NPAM lomwe limasinthiratu kukula kwa ma molekyulu mkati mwa pH 2-12, ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a nano-scale suspended solids 3-5 times. Ukadaulo uwu wagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pokonzekera madzi a ultrapure kwa mafakitale a semiconductor, kukwaniritsa miyezo yamadzi ya 18.2 MΩ·cm.

Ofufuza aku South Korea adapanga NPAM yowoneka-yopepuka poyambitsa magawo a azobenzene. Ma polima otsalira amatha kusinthika kukhala mamolekyu ang'onoang'ono mkati mwa maola 48 pansi pa kuwala kwachilengedwe, kuthetseratu zovuta zotsalira za PAM. Tekinoloje iyi idawunikidwa m'malo osankhidwa amadzi akumwa a Seoul, ndikutsatsa komwe kukuyembekezeka pofika 2025.

II. Mphamvu Zamsika ndi Zotukuka Zachigawo

1. Kusintha kwa Global Market Landscape

Dera la Asia-Pacific lakhala msika womwe ukukula mwachangu kwambiri wa PAM, womwe umakhala ndi 46% yazakudya padziko lonse lapansi mu 2023, pomwe China ikuthandizira kukula kwakukulu. Zambiri zochokera ku China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation zikuwonetsa kuti kupanga PAM ku China kudafika matani 920,000 mu 2023, ndikugulitsa kunja kukusunga 15% pachaka, makamaka pazogulitsa zapamwamba za CPAM, pomwe kudalira kunja kumakhalabe kokwera mpaka 40%.

Msika waku Europe ukuwonetsa machitidwe osiyanasiyana. Motsogozedwa ndi malamulo okhwima a chilengedwe, zinthu za PAM zomwe zimatha kuwonongeka ndi biodegradable zidachulukitsa msika kuchokera pa 8% mu 2020 kufika 22% mu 2023. Veolia yaku France idalengeza mapulani osintha CPAM yachikhalidwe ndi njira zina zobiriwira pofika 2026.

Msika waku North America, woyendetsedwa ndi chitukuko cha gasi wa shale, ukupitilizabe kufuna kwamphamvu kwa APAM. Kutumiza kunja kwa US PAM kudakula 18% mu 2023, pomwe 60% imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochotsa mafuta ndi gasi pakuchotsa madzi onyansa. Makamaka, Mexico yatulukira ngati malo atsopano opangira zinthu, okhala ndi mayiko ambiri akukhazikitsa maziko azopanga zakomweko.

2. Mitengo ndi Zogulitsa Zamagetsi

Kuchokera mu 2023 mpaka 2024, misika ya PAM yaiwisi idasintha kwambiri. Mitengo ya Acrylamide monomer idakwera kwambiri mu Q3 2023 koma idabwereranso pamlingo woyenera pofika Q2 2024 pomwe China idawonjezera kupanga kwatsopano. Komabe, mitengo ya cationic reagent DMC (methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) idapitilirabe kukwera chifukwa cha kupezeka kwamphamvu kwa propylene oxide, kukulitsa mtengo wa CPAM ndi 12-15%.

Ponena za maunyolo ogulitsa, atsogoleri amakampani adafulumizitsa kuphatikizika koyima. Gulu la Solvay lidayika ndalama zokwana €300 miliyoni m'malo atsopano ophatikizika opangira ku Belgium, zomwe zimathandizira kupanga kwathunthu kuchokera ku acrylonitrile kupita kuzinthu zomaliza. Zikuyembekezeka kukhazikitsidwa mu 2025, izi zichepetsa ndalama zonse ndi 20%. Mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati adasinthiratu kuukatswiri - mwachitsanzo, Italmatch yaku Italy idayang'ana kwambiri kupanga mapangidwe apadera a APAM ochotsa mchere m'madzi a m'nyanja.