Kulimbitsa malamulo okhudza chilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi kukukonzanso momwe makampani a perchloroethylene (PCE) amagwirira ntchito. Malamulo m'misika yayikulu kuphatikiza China, US, ndi EU akugwiritsa ntchito njira zonse zowongolera kupanga, kugwiritsa ntchito, ndi kutaya zinthu, zomwe zikuyendetsa makampaniwa pakusintha kwakukulu pakukonzanso ndalama, kukweza ukadaulo, komanso kusiyanitsa msika.
Nthawi yomveka bwino yoletsa yakhazikitsidwa pa mfundozi. Bungwe la US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) linapereka lamulo lomaliza kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2024, lolamula kuti PCE igwiritsidwe ntchito poyeretsa mouma pambuyo pa Disembala 2034. Zipangizo zakale zotsukira zouma za m'badwo wachitatu zidzachotsedwa ntchito kuyambira 2027, ndipo NASA yokha ndiyo idzakhala ndi ufulu wogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zadzidzidzi. Ndondomeko zapakhomo zasinthidwa nthawi imodzi: PCE imagawidwa ngati zinyalala zoopsa (HW41), ndipo kuchuluka kwapakati kwa maola 8 mkati mwa nyumba kumakhala kochepa kwambiri pa 0.12mg/m³. Mizinda khumi ndi isanu yofunika kuphatikiza Beijing ndi Shanghai idzakhazikitsa miyezo yokhwima ya VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) mu 2025, yomwe imafuna kuti zinthu zikhale ndi ≤50ppm.
Ndondomeko zakweza mwachindunji ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito zamakampani. Oyeretsa makina owuma ayenera kusintha zida zotseguka, ndi ndalama zokonzanso sitolo imodzi kuyambira 50,000 mpaka 100,000 yuan; mabizinesi osatsatira malamulo akukumana ndi chindapusa cha 200,000 yuan ndi zoopsa zotseka. Mabizinesi opanga zinthu alamulidwa kuyika zida zowunikira za VOC nthawi yeniyeni, ndi ndalama imodzi yokha yoposa 1 miliyoni yuan, ndipo ndalama zoyendetsera ntchito za chilengedwe tsopano zikuposa 15% ya ndalama zonse. Ndalama zotayira zinyalala zachulukirachulukira: ndalama zotayira za PCE zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito zafika pa 8,000 mpaka 12,000 yuan pa tani, zokwera nthawi 5-8 kuposa zinyalala wamba. Malo opangira zinthu monga Shandong akhazikitsa ndalama zowonjezera pamitengo yamagetsi kwa mabizinesi omwe sakwaniritsa miyezo yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu moyenera.
Kapangidwe ka mafakitale kakufulumizitsa kusinthasintha, ndipo kukweza ukadaulo kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa moyo. Kumbali yopanga, ukadaulo monga kulekanitsa nembanemba ndi catalysis yapamwamba yawonjezera kuyera kwa zinthu kufika pa 99.9% pomwe kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndi 30%. Mabizinesi otsogola paukadaulo amasangalala ndi phindu la 12-15 peresenti kuposa anzawo achikhalidwe. Gawo logwiritsira ntchito likuwonetsa chizolowezi cha "kusunga bwino, kutuluka pang'ono": 38% ya masitolo ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati otsukira mouma achoka chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwa mtengo, pomwe makampani monga Weishi apeza mwayi kudzera mu njira zobwezeretsanso zinthu. Pakadali pano, madera apamwamba monga kupanga zamagetsi ndi ma electrolyte atsopano amagetsi amasunga 30% ya gawo la msika chifukwa cha zofunikira pakugwira ntchito.
Kugulitsa njira zina zamakono kukuchulukirachulukira, zomwe zikuwonjezera kupsinjika kwa msika wachikhalidwe. Zosungunulira za hydrocarbon, zomwe zimakhala ndi ndalama zochepa zokonzanso kuyambira 50,000 mpaka 80,000 yuan, zapeza gawo la msika la 25% mu 2025 ndipo zikuyenera kulandira ndalama zothandizira boma za 20-30%. Ngakhale kuti zida zambiri za yuan 800,000 pa unit iliyonse, kuyeretsa kouma kwa CO₂ kwakhala kukukulirakulira pachaka ndi 25% chifukwa cha zabwino zopanda kuipitsa chilengedwe. Mafuta osungunulira zachilengedwe a D30 amachepetsa mpweya wa VOC ndi 75% pakuyeretsa mafakitale, ndipo msika ukupitirira 5 biliyoni yuan mu 2025.
Kukula kwa msika ndi kapangidwe ka malonda zikusintha nthawi imodzi. Kufunika kwa PCE m'dziko muno kumachepa ndi 8-12% pachaka, ndipo mtengo wapakati ukuyembekezeka kutsika kufika pa 4,000 yuan pa tani mu 2025. Komabe, mabizinesi achepetsa mipata ya m'dziko muno kudzera mu kutumiza kunja kumayiko a Belt and Road, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kutumiza kunja kukukwera ndi 91.32% chaka ndi chaka mu Januwale-Meyi 2025. Kutumiza kunja kukusinthira ku zinthu zapamwamba: mu theka loyamba la 2025, kukula kwa mtengo wotumizira kunja (31.35%) kunapitirira kukula kwa kuchuluka (11.11%), ndipo zoposa 99% ya zinthu zamagetsi zapamwamba zimadalirabe zinthu zochokera ku Germany.
Munthawi yochepa, kuphatikiza mafakitale kudzakula; munthawi yapakati mpaka yayitali, njira ya "kuchuluka kwapamwamba komanso kusintha kobiriwira" idzayamba. Zikuyembekezeka kuti 30% ya masitolo ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati otsukira zouma adzatuluka kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2025, ndipo mphamvu zopangira zidzachepetsedwa kuchoka pa matani 350,000 kufika pa matani 250,000. Makampani otsogola adzayang'ana kwambiri pazinthu zamtengo wapatali monga PCE yamagetsi kudzera mukusintha kwaukadaulo, ndi kuchuluka kwa bizinesi yobiriwira yosungunulira zinthu pang'onopang'ono.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-11-2025