Mfundo zazikuluzikulu
● Katswiri wa zinthu za binary sulfate-free surfactant mixes amadziwika moyesera.
● Zotsatira za pH, kapangidwe kake ndi kukhazikika kwa ionic zimafufuzidwa mwadongosolo.
● CAPB: SMCT surfactant mass ratio ya 1: 0.5 imapanga kukhuthala kwakukulu kwa shear.
● Kuyika mchere wambiri kumafunika kuti mukwaniritse kumeta ubweya wa ubweya wambiri.
● Kutalika kwa micellar kochokera ku DWS kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kumeta ubweya wa ubweya.
Ndemanga
Pofunafuna nsanja za m'badwo wotsatira wopanda sulfate wopanda sulfate, ntchito yomwe ilipo pano ikupereka kafukufuku woyamba mwadongosolo wamadzimadzi a Cocamidopropyl Betaine (CAPB) -Sodium Methyl Cocoyl Taurate (SMCT) mosiyanasiyana, pH, ndi mphamvu ya ionic. Mayankho amadzi a CAPB-SMCT (okwanira okhazikika a surfactant ndende ya 8-12 wt. %) adakonzedwa pazigawo zingapo zolemera za surfactant, zosinthidwa kukhala pHs 4.5 ndi 5.5, ndikusinthidwa ndi NaCl. Miyezo yosasunthika komanso yosasunthika yometa ubweya wa ma macroscopic shear viscosity, pomwe ma microrheology of wave spectroscopy (DWS) adapereka mafupipafupi kuthetsedwa kwa viscoelastic moduli ndi masikelo akutali a micellar. Pazifukwa zopanda mchere, zojambulazo zimasonyeza Newtonian rheology yokhala ndi maximal viscosities of shear pa CAPB:SMCT kulemera kwa chiŵerengero cha 1:0.5, kusonyeza kuwonjezereka kwa cationic-anionic headgroup bridging. Kutsitsa pH kuchoka pa 5.5 kufika pa 4.5 kumapereka chiwongolero chokulirapo pa CAPB, potero kumakulitsa kuphatikizika kwa electrostatic ndi SMCT ya anionic komanso kupanga maukonde olimba a micellar. Kuphatikizika kwa mchere kumapangitsa kuti magulu amutu azinyansidwe, ndikuyendetsa kusinthika kwa ma morphological kuchokera ku ma cell ang'onoang'ono kupita kumagulu otalikirana, ngati nyongolotsi. Zero-shear viscosities amawonetsa utali wosiyana kwambiri pamlingo wofunikira wa mchere ndi surfactant (R), kuwonetsa kusanja bwino pakati pa kuwunika kwa magawo awiri a electrostatic ndi kutalika kwa micellar. DWS microrheology inatsimikizira zowunikira zazikuluzikuluzi, ndikuvumbulutsa mawonekedwe a Maxwellian pa R ≥ 1, mogwirizana ndi njira zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi reptation. Zodziwika bwino, kutalika kwa kutsekeka ndi kulimbikira kumakhalabe kosasinthika ndi mphamvu ya ayoni, pomwe kutalika kwa contour kumawonetsa kulumikizana kolimba ndi zero-shear viscosity. Zotsatirazi zikugogomezera ntchito yofunikira ya kukula kwa micellar ndi thermodynamic synergy pakuwongolera kukhuthala kwamadzimadzi, ndikupereka dongosolo la uinjiniya wopanda sulfate wopanda ntchito kwambiri kudzera pakuwongolera bwino kachulukidwe, kapangidwe kake, ndi ma ionic.
Zithunzi za Abstrac
Mawu Oyamba
Makina amadzimadzi amadzimadzi okhala ndi mitundu yosiyana ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri, kuphatikiza zodzoladzola, zamankhwala, zamankhwala agrochemicals, ndi mafakitale opanga zakudya. Kutengera kofala kwa machitidwewa kumatheka chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apamwamba komanso omveka bwino, omwe amathandizira kuti magwiridwe antchito azipangidwe zosiyanasiyana. Kudziphatika kwapadera kwa zinthu zotere kukhala zophatikizika ngati nyongolotsi, zophatikizika zimapatsa zinthu zazikulu zowoneka bwino, kuphatikiza kuchulukira kwamphamvu komanso kuchepa kwamakangana. Makamaka, kuphatikiza kwa ma anionic ndi ma zwitterionic surfactants amawonetsa kuwongolera kwapamtunda, kukhuthala, komanso kusinthasintha kwapakati. Makhalidwewa amadza chifukwa cha kuwonjezereka kwa ma electrostatic ndi steric kuyanjana pakati pa magulu a mutu wa polar ndi michira ya hydrophobic ya okwera, mosiyana ndi makina amtundu umodzi, pomwe mphamvu zonyansa zama electrostatic nthawi zambiri zimachepetsa kukhathamiritsa kwa magwiridwe antchito.
Cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB; SMILES: CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCCCN+ (C)CC([O−])=O) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zodzoladzola chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yoyeretsa pang'ono komanso zokometsera tsitsi. Mkhalidwe wa zwitterionic wa CAPB umathandizira kulumikizana kwa electrostatic ndi ma anionic surfactants, kumathandizira kukhazikika kwa thovu ndikulimbikitsa magwiridwe antchito apamwamba. Pazaka makumi asanu zapitazi, zosakaniza za CAPB zokhala ndi sulfate-based surfactants, monga CAPB-sodium lauryl ether sulfate (SLES), zakhala maziko opangira zinthu zosamalira anthu. Komabe, ngakhale kuti sulphate-based surfactants akugwira ntchito, nkhawa zokhudzana ndi kupsa mtima kwawo kwa dermal komanso kupezeka kwa 1,4-dioxane, zomwe zimachitika mu ethoxylation process, zachititsa chidwi njira zina zopanda sulfate. Omwe akulonjeza akuphatikizapo opangira ma amino-acid-based surfactants, monga ma taurates, sarcosinates, ndi glutamates, omwe amawonetsa kukhazikika kwachilengedwe komanso zinthu zocheperako [9]. Ngakhale zili choncho, magulu akuluakulu a mutu wa polar a njira zinazi nthawi zambiri amalepheretsa mapangidwe a micellar yokhazikika, zomwe zimachititsa kuti pakhale kugwiritsa ntchito zosintha za rheological.
Sodium methyl cocoyl taurate (SMCT; SMILES:
CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)N(C)CCS(=O)(=O)O[Na]) ndi anionic surfactant opangidwa ngati mchere wa sodium kudzera pa amide phatikiza N-methyltaurine (2-methylaminoethanesulfonic acid) ndi tcheni chochokera ku kokonati yamafuta acid. SMCT ili ndi gulu la taurine lolumikizidwa ndi amide limodzi ndi gulu lamphamvu la anionic sulfonate, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisawonongeke komanso kuti zigwirizane ndi pH ya khungu, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala odalirika pakupanga kopanda sulfate. Ma surfactants a Taurate amadziwika ndi kutsekemera kwawo kwamphamvu, kulimba kwamadzi olimba, kufatsa, komanso kukhazikika kwa pH.
Magawo amthupi, kuphatikiza kumeta ubweya wa ubweya, viscoelastic moduli, ndi kupsinjika kwa zokolola, ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuzindikira kukhazikika, kapangidwe kake, ndi magwiridwe antchito azinthu zopangidwa ndi surfactant. Mwachitsanzo, kukhuthala kokwezeka kwa shear kumathandizira kuti kasungidwe kagawo kakang'ono, pomwe kupsinjika kwa zokolola kumayang'anira kutsatira kwa khungu kapena tsitsi pambuyo pa ntchito. Maonekedwe a macroscopic rheological awa amasinthidwa ndi zinthu zambiri, kuphatikiza ndende ya surfactant, pH, kutentha, ndi kupezeka kwa zosungunulira kapena zowonjezera. Ma surfactants otsutsana amatha kusinthika mosiyanasiyana, kuyambira ma micelles ozungulira ndi ma vesicles mpaka magawo amadzimadzi amadzimadzi, omwe, nawonso, amakhudza kwambiri ma rheology. Zosakaniza za amphoteric ndi anionic surfactants nthawi zambiri zimapanga micelles yotalikirana ngati nyongolotsi (WLMs), zomwe zimakulitsa kwambiri mawonekedwe a viscoelastic. Kumvetsetsa maubale a microstructure-katundu ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito azinthu.
Kafukufuku wambiri woyesera adafufuza machitidwe a binary ofanana nawo, monga CAPB-SLES, kuti amvetsetse maziko azinthu zawo. Mwachitsanzo, Mitrinova et al. [13] kukula kwa micelle (hydrodynamic radius) yokhala ndi viscosity yankho mu CAPB-SLES-medium-chain co-surfactant zosakaniza pogwiritsa ntchito rheometry ndi dynamic light scattering (DLS). Mechanical rheometry imapereka chidziwitso pakusinthika kwapang'onopang'ono kwa zosakaniza izi ndipo imatha kukulitsidwa ndi kuwala kwa ma microrheology pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a mafunde (DWS) omwe amakulitsa madera opezeka pafupipafupi, kutengera mphamvu zazifupi zomwe zimakhudzana ndi njira zopumula za WLM. Mu DWS microrheology, kusuntha kwapakati kwa ma colloidal probes ophatikizidwa kumatsatiridwa pakapita nthawi, ndikupangitsa kutulutsa kwa mzere wa viscoelastic moduli wa sing'anga yozungulira kudzera pa ubale wa Stokes-Einstein. Njira imeneyi imangofunika zitsanzo zochepa chabe ndipo n'zothandiza powerenga zamadzimadzi zovuta zomwe zili ndi zinthu zochepa, mwachitsanzo, zopangidwa ndi mapuloteni. Kuwunika kwa data ya <Δr²(t)> pamawonekedwe afupipafupi amathandizira kuyerekezera magawo a micellar monga kukula kwa mauna, utali wopindika, kutalika kwanthawi yayitali, ndi kutalika kozungulira. Amin et al adawonetsa kuti zosakaniza za CAPB-SLES zimagwirizana ndi zonenedweratu za chiphunzitso cha Cates, kuwonetsa kuchulukirachulukira kwa kukhuthala ndi kuwonjezera mchere mpaka mchere wovuta kwambiri, kupitilira pomwe kukhuthala kumatsika mwachangu - kuyankha komwe kumachitika mu WLM machitidwe Xu ndi Amin amagwiritsa ntchito makina opangira ma rheometry ndi DWS kuti afufuze SLES-CAPB rheological mixing Mapangidwe a WLM, omwe adatsimikizidwanso ndi magawo ang'onoang'ono otengera miyeso ya DWS. Kumanga panjira izi, kafukufuku wapano amaphatikiza makina a rheometry ndi DWS microrheology kuti afotokoze momwe kukonzanso kwapang'onopang'ono kumayendetsa machitidwe ometa ubweya wa zosakaniza za CAPB-SMCT.
Poganizira kukwera kwa kufunikira kwa zoyeretsa zocheperako komanso zokhazikika, kufufuza kwa ma anionic surfactants opanda sulfate kwakula kwambiri ngakhale kuti kapangidwe kake kamavuta. Kapangidwe kake ka maselo a sulfate wopanda sulfate nthawi zambiri kumapereka mbiri yosiyana, kusokoneza njira zanthawi zonse zolimbikitsira kukhuthala monga mchere kapena polymeric thickening. Mwachitsanzo, Yorke et al. adafufuza njira zina zopanda sulfate pofufuza mosamalitsa za kuchita thovu ndi rheological zosakaniza za binary ndi ternary surfactant zomwe zili ndi alkyl olefin sulfonate (AOS), alkyl polyglucoside (APG), ndi lauryl hydroxysultaine. Chiyerekezo cha 1:1 cha AOS-sultaine chinasonyeza kumeta ubweya wa ubweya ndi thovu mofanana ndi CAPB-SLES, kusonyeza mapangidwe a WLM. Rajput et al. [26] adawunikanso surfactant wopanda sulfate wopanda anionic, sodium cocoyl glycinate (SCGLY), pamodzi ndi nonionic co-surfactants (cocamide diethanolamine ndi lauryl glucoside) kudzera mu DLS, SANS, ndi rheometry. Ngakhale SCGLY yokhayo imapanga ma micelles ozungulira kwambiri, kuphatikiza kophatikizana komwe kunathandizira kupanga ma micellar morphologies, omwe amatha kusinthasintha motsogozedwa ndi pH.
Ngakhale izi zapita patsogolo, kafukufuku wocheperako adayang'ana machitidwe okhazikika a sulfate opanda sulfate omwe amakhudza CAPB ndi taurates. Kafukufukuyu akufuna kudzaza kusiyana kumeneku popereka chimodzi mwazinthu zoyamba za machitidwe a binary a CAPB-SMCT. Mwa kusinthasintha mwadongosolo kaphatikizidwe ka surfactant, pH, ndi mphamvu ya ayoni, timafotokozera zomwe zimayendetsa kukhuthala kwa shear ndi viscoelasticity. Pogwiritsa ntchito makina a rheometry ndi DWS microrheology, timawerengera kukonzanso kwapang'onopang'ono komwe kumayambitsa kumeta ubweya wa zosakaniza za CAPB-SMCT. Zomwe zapezazi zikuwonetsa kuyanjana pakati pa pH, chiŵerengero cha CAPB-SMCT, ndi milingo ya ionic pakulimbikitsa kapena kuletsa mapangidwe a WLM, potero akupereka zidziwitso zothandiza pakukonza mbiri yazinthu zokhazikika zopangira ma surfactant pamafakitale osiyanasiyana.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-05-2025