Mu 2025, makampani opanga utoto akufulumira kufika pa zolinga ziwiri za "kusintha kobiriwira" ndi "kukweza magwiridwe antchito." M'magawo apamwamba opangira utoto monga magalimoto ndi sitima, utoto wopangidwa ndi madzi wasintha kuchoka pa "njira zina" kupita ku "zosankha zazikulu" chifukwa cha mpweya wochepa wa VOC, chitetezo, komanso kusawononga poizoni. Komabe, kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za zochitika zovuta zogwiritsidwa ntchito (monga chinyezi chambiri ndi dzimbiri lamphamvu) komanso zofunikira zapamwamba za ogwiritsa ntchito kuti utoto ukhale wolimba komanso wogwira ntchito bwino, kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo mu utoto wopangidwa ndi madzi wa polyurethane (WPU) kukupitilirabe. Mu 2025, zatsopano zamakampani pakukonza njira, kusintha kwa mankhwala, ndi kapangidwe ka ntchito zawonjezera mphamvu zatsopano m'gawoli.
Kukulitsa Dongosolo Loyambira: Kuchokera ku "Kusintha Chiŵerengero" kupita ku "Kulinganiza Magwiridwe Antchito"
Monga "mtsogoleri wa magwiridwe antchito" pakati pa zophimba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamadzi zomwe zilipo panopa, polyurethane yogwiritsidwa ntchito pamadzi (WB 2K-PUR) yokhala ndi zigawo ziwiri ikukumana ndi vuto lalikulu: kugwirizanitsa chiŵerengero ndi magwiridwe antchito a machitidwe a polyol. Chaka chino, magulu ofufuza adachita kafukufuku wozama pa zotsatira zogwirizana za polyether polyol (PTMEG) ndi polyester polyol (P1012).
Mwachikhalidwe, polyester polyol imawonjezera mphamvu ya makina ophikira ndi kuchulukana chifukwa cha ma bond okhuthala a hydrogen pakati pa mamolekyulu, koma kuwonjezera kwambiri kumachepetsa kukana kwa madzi chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwamphamvu kwa magulu a ester. Kuyesera kunatsimikizira kuti pamene P1012 imapanga 40% (g/g) ya dongosolo la polyol, "kulinganiza kwagolide" kumachitika: ma bond a hydrogen amawonjezera kuchuluka kwa crosslink popanda kusinthasintha kwambiri kwa hydrophilicity, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chophimbacho chigwire bwino ntchito—kuphatikizapo kukana kwa mchere, kukana madzi, ndi mphamvu yokoka. Kutsiliza kumeneku kumapereka chitsogozo chomveka bwino cha kapangidwe ka WB 2K-PUR, makamaka pazochitika monga magalimoto ndi zida zachitsulo zamagalimoto zomwe zimafuna magwiridwe antchito amakina komanso kukana dzimbiri.
"Kuphatikiza Kulimba ndi Kusinthasintha": Kusintha kwa Mankhwala Kumatsegula Malire Atsopano Ogwira Ntchito
Ngakhale kuti kukonza bwino chiŵerengero choyambirira ndi "kusintha bwino," kusintha kwa mankhwala kumaimira "kudumpha koyenera" kwa polyurethane yoyendetsedwa ndi madzi. Njira ziwiri zosinthira zidawonekera chaka chino:
Njira 1: Kulimbikitsana kwa Synergistic ndi Polysiloxane ndi Terpene Derivatives
Kuphatikiza kwa polysiloxane (PMMS) yokhala ndi mphamvu zochepa komanso hydrophobic terpene derivatives kumapatsa WPU mawonekedwe awiri a "superhydrophobicity + high rigidity." Ofufuza adakonza hydroxyl-terminated polysiloxane (PMMS) pogwiritsa ntchito 3-mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane ndi octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, kenako adalumikiza isobornyl acrylate (yomwe imachokera ku biomass-derived camphene) pa ma chain a PMMS kudzera mu UV-initiated thiol-ene click reaction kuti apange terpene-based polysiloxane (PMMS-I).
WPU yosinthidwayo yawonetsa kusintha kwakukulu: ngodya yolumikizana ndi madzi yosasunthika inakwera kuchoka pa 70.7° kufika pa 101.2° (yomwe imayandikira superhydrophobicity yofanana ndi tsamba la lotus), kuyamwa kwa madzi kunatsika kuchoka pa 16.0% kufika pa 6.9%, ndipo mphamvu yokoka inakwera kuchoka pa 4.70MPa kufika pa 8.82MPa chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka mphete ya terpene yolimba. Kusanthula kwa thermogravimetric kunawonetsanso kukhazikika kwa kutentha. Ukadaulo uwu umapereka njira yolumikizirana "yoletsa kuipitsa + yolimbana ndi nyengo" ya zinthu zakunja zoyendera njanji monga mapanelo a denga ndi masiketi am'mbali.
Njira 2: Kulumikizana kwa Polyimine Kumathandizira Ukadaulo wa "Kudzichiritsa"
Kudzichiritsa kwakhala ukadaulo wotchuka kwambiri pa zophimba, ndipo kafukufuku wa chaka chino adauphatikiza ndi magwiridwe antchito a makina a WPU kuti akwaniritse kupita patsogolo kawiri pa "mphamvu yapamwamba + kudzichiritsa." WPU yolumikizidwa yopangidwa ndi polybutylene glycol (PTMG), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), ndi polyimine (PEI) ngati crosslinker yawonetsa mphamvu zodabwitsa zamakina: mphamvu yokoka ya 17.12MPa ndi kutalika pakagwa 512.25% (pafupifupi kusinthasintha kwa rabara).
Chofunika kwambiri, chimatha kudzichiritsa kwathunthu mkati mwa maola 24 pa 30°C—kuchira kufika pa 3.26MPa mphamvu yokoka ndi 450.94% kutalika pambuyo pokonza. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kwambiri pazinthu zomwe zimakanda mosavuta monga mabampala a magalimoto ndi mkati mwa sitima, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri ndalama zokonzera.
"Kulamulira Mwanzeru kwa Nanoscale": "Kusintha kwa Pamwamba" kwa Zophimba Zoletsa Kuipitsa
Kuletsa graffiti ndi kuyeretsa kosavuta ndizofunikira kwambiri pa zophimba zapamwamba. Chaka chino, chophimba chosafooketsa (NP-GLIDE) chozikidwa pa "ma nanopools a PDMS ofanana ndi madzi" chinakopa chidwi. Mfundo yaikulu yake ikuphatikizapo kulumikiza unyolo wa polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) kumbali ya msana wa polyol wosakanikirana ndi madzi kudzera mu graft copolymer polyol-g-PDMS, ndikupanga "ma nanopools" ang'onoang'ono kuposa 30nm m'mimba mwake.
Kuchuluka kwa PDMS m'ma nanopools awa kumapangitsa kuti chophimbacho chikhale "chofanana ndi madzi" - zonse zakumwa zoyesera zomwe zili ndi mphamvu pamwamba pa 23mN/m (monga khofi, madontho a mafuta) zimatsika popanda kusiya zizindikiro. Ngakhale kuti ndi zolimba 3H (pafupi ndi galasi wamba), chophimbacho chimakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yoletsa kuipitsa.
Kuphatikiza apo, njira yolimbana ndi graffiti ya "chotchinga chakuthupi + kuyeretsa pang'ono" idaperekedwa: kuyambitsa choyezera cha IPDI mu polyisocyanate yochokera ku HDT kuti iwonjezere kuchulukana kwa mafilimu ndikuletsa kulowa kwa graffiti, pomwe ikulamulira kusamuka kwa magawo a silicone/fluorine kuti atsimikizire kuti mphamvu ya pamwamba siikhala yayitali. Kuphatikiza ndi DMA (Dynamic Mechanical Analysis) kuti iwonetsetse bwino kuchuluka kwa crosslink ndi XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) kuti iwonetsetse momwe mawonekedwe akuyendera, ukadaulo uwu ndi wokonzeka kupangidwa ndipo ukuyembekezeka kukhala muyezo watsopano woletsa kuipitsidwa kwa utoto wamagalimoto ndi zikwama zazinthu za 3C.
Mapeto
Mu 2025, ukadaulo wa WPU wokutira ukusintha kuchoka pa "kusintha magwiridwe antchito amodzi" kupita ku "kuphatikiza ntchito zambiri." Kaya kudzera mu kukonza njira zoyambira, kusintha kwa mankhwala, kapena kupanga zinthu zatsopano, mfundo yayikulu imayang'ana pakugwirizanitsa "kusamalira chilengedwe" ndi "kugwira ntchito bwino." Kwa mafakitale monga magalimoto ndi sitima, kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kumeneku sikungowonjezera nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito zokutira ndikuchepetsa ndalama zokonzera komanso kumayendetsa zosintha ziwiri mu "kupanga zinthu zobiriwira" ndi "zokumana nazo zapamwamba kwa ogwiritsa ntchito."
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-14-2025