Aniline: The Versatile Organic Compound for Dyes, Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo, ndi Zina

Chiyambi chachidule:

Aniline, yemwenso amadziwika kuti aminobenzene, ndi organic pawiri ndi mankhwala chilinganizo C6H7N.Ndi madzi amafuta opanda mtundu omwe amayamba kuwola akatenthedwa mpaka 370 ℃.Ngakhale kuti amasungunuka pang'ono m'madzi, aniline amasungunuka mosavuta mu ethanol, etha, ndi zosungunulira zina.Pagululi lili ndi ntchito zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwama amine ofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.

Thupi ndi mankhwala katundu:

Kachulukidwe: 1.022g/cm3

Malo osungunuka: -6.2 ℃

Malo otentha: 184 ℃

Kuwala kwapakati: 76 ℃

Refractive index: 1.586 (20 ℃)

Maonekedwe: Zamadzimadzi zowoneka bwino zopanda mtundu mpaka zachikasu

Kusungunuka: Kusungunuka pang'ono m'madzi, kusungunuka mu ethanol, ether, benzene

Ntchito:

Chimodzi mwazofunikira za aniline ndi kupanga utoto.Kukhoza kwake kupanga zinthu zamitundumitundu pophatikizana ndi mankhwala ena kumapangitsa kukhala koyenera kupanga utoto wowoneka bwino komanso wokhalitsa.Utoto wa aniline umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza nsalu, mapulasitiki, ndi zinthu zachikopa.Pogwiritsa ntchito utoto wopangidwa ndi aniline, opanga amatha kukhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu yomwe simatha kutha, kuwonetsetsa kuti zogulitsa zimasunga mawonekedwe awo pakapita nthawi.

Kuphatikiza apo, aniline amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga mankhwala ndi mankhwala.Monga chomangira chosunthika mu organic chemistry, aniline amagwira ntchito ngati poyambira pakupanga mankhwala ambiri.Makampani opanga mankhwala amadalira zotumphukira za aniline kuti apange mankhwala azikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana zamankhwala.Kutha kusintha kapangidwe ka aniline kumalola ochita kafukufuku kupanga mankhwala omwe amafunikira achire.

Komanso, aniline amapeza ntchito popanga utomoni.Utomoni ndi wofunikira popanga mapulasitiki, zomatira, ndi zokutira.Mwa kuphatikiza aniline mu kapangidwe ka utomoni, opanga amakulitsa mphamvu, kulimba, ndi kusinthasintha kwa chinthu chomaliza.Izi zimathandizira kupanga zida zapamwamba zomwe zimatha kupirira zovuta komanso kupereka moyo wautali.

Kusinthasintha kwa Aniline kumapitilira utoto, mankhwala, ndi utomoni.Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati rabara vulcanization accelerator.Zopangira mphira, monga matayala ndi malamba onyamula katundu, zimafunikira kutenthedwa kuti zikhale zolimba komanso zotanuka.Aniline amathandizira kufulumizitsa njira ya vulcanization, kupanga kupanga mphira kukhala kothandiza kwambiri.Mwa kuphatikiza aniline ngati accelerator, opanga amatha kuchepetsa nthawi yopanga ndikuwongolera zinthu zonse za rabara.

Kuphatikiza pa ntchito zamakampani, aniline angagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati utoto wakuda wokha.Katunduyu amapangitsa kukhala kofunikira m'magawo osiyanasiyana aluso komanso opanga.Ojambula ndi amisiri amatha kugwiritsa ntchito aniline kupanga mitundu yakuda yakuda yomwe imawonjezera kusiyanitsa, kuya, ndi kulemera kwa zomwe adapanga.Maonekedwe ake owoneka bwino komanso ogwirizana ndi ma mediums osiyanasiyana amalola kufotokoza mwaluso komanso kufufuza.

Kuphatikiza apo, zotumphukira za aniline, monga methyl lalanje, zimapeza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zisonyezo mu acid-base titrations.Zizindikirozi ndizofunika kwambiri pozindikira mapeto a kuyesa kwa titration, kutsimikizira miyeso yolondola.Methyl lalanje, yochokera ku aniline, imasintha mtundu pamene pH ya yankho ifika pamtundu wina.Izi zimathandiza asayansi ndi akatswiri a zamankhwala kuti aziyang'anitsitsa ndikuwunika zomwe zikuchitika panthawi ya titration.

Kupaka katundu:200kg / ng'oma

Njira zodzitetezera:ntchito yotsekedwa, perekani mpweya wokwanira wa m'deralo.Gwirani ntchito mongotengera makina komanso makina momwe mungathere.Ogwira ntchito ayenera kuphunzitsidwa mwapadera ndikutsata ndondomeko zoyendetsera ntchito.Ndikoyenera kuti wogwiritsa ntchitoyo azivala chigoba cha gasi wosefera (theka chigoba), magalasi oteteza chitetezo, zovala zodzitetezera, ndi magolovesi osamva mafuta a raba.Khalani kutali ndi moto ndi kutentha.Osasuta fodya kuntchito.Gwiritsani ntchito makina opumira ndi mpweya wosaphulika.Amateteza nthunzi kuti isalowe mumlengalenga wapantchito.Pewani kukhudzana ndi okosijeni ndi zidulo.Pogwira, kukweza ndi kutsitsa pang'ono kuyenera kuchitidwa pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa zotengera ndi zotengera.Okonzeka ndi lolingana zosiyanasiyana ndi kuchuluka kwa moto zida ndi kutayikira mwadzidzidzi mankhwala zida.Zotengera zopanda kanthu zitha kukhala ndi zotsalira zoyipa.

Kusamala posungira:Sungani m'nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zoziziritsa kukhosi komanso mpweya wokwanira.Khalani kutali ndi moto ndi kutentha.Kutentha kwa nkhokwe sikuyenera kupitirira 30 ℃, ndipo chinyezi sichiyenera kupitirira 80%.Sungani kutali ndi kuwala.Phukusi liyenera kusindikizidwa osati kukhudzana ndi mpweya.Iyenera kusungidwa mosiyana ndi ma okosijeni, zidulo ndi mankhwala odyedwa, ndipo sayenera kusakanikirana.Zokhala ndi mitundu yofananira komanso kuchuluka kwa zida zozimitsa moto.Malo osungiramo zinthu ayenera kukhala ndi zida zoperekera chithandizo chadzidzidzi zomwe zidatayikira komanso zida zoyenera zosungira.

Mwachidule, aniline ndi gulu losunthika lokhala ndi ntchito zambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.Kuchokera ku utoto ndi mankhwala mpaka kupanga mphira ndi ntchito zaluso, kufunikira kwa aniline sikungasokonezedwe.Kutha kwake kupanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu, kumakhala ngati chomangira chamankhwala, ndikuchita ngati vulcanization accelerator kumapangitsa kukhala chinthu chofunikira.Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake ngati utoto wakuda ndi chizindikiro cha acid-base kumawunikira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito za aniline.Pamene mafakitale akupitiriza kupanga zatsopano ndikukula, aniline mosakayikira adzakhalabe gawo lofunikira pazochitika zawo ndi malonda.