Acetic acid, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti acetic acid, ndi mankhwala achilengedwe, CH3COOH, ndi asidi wachilengedwe wa yuan imodzi, womwe ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimapezeka mu viniga.

Asidi ya aceticamadziwika kuti ACOH, dzina lake chifukwa cha kukhala chinthu chachikulu cha viniga, ndipo ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zamafuta acid. Mtundu wa viniga waulere umapezeka m'zomera zambiri. CH3COOH ya molekyulu. Kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito viniga kwakhalapo kwa zaka masauzande ambiri. Ku China wakale, unalembedwa mu viniga. Koma asidi wokhuthala wa acetic anali Chemicalbook yopambana yomwe idapangidwa ndi Stahl mu 1700. Asidi woyera wa acetic ndi madzi opanda mtundu ndipo ali ndi kukoma kokwiyitsa. Malo osungunuka ndi 16.6 ° C, malo owira ndi 117.9 ° C, ndipo kuchuluka kwake ndi 1.049 (20/4 ° C). Amasungunuka m'madzi, ethanol, glycerin, ether ndi carbon chloride; samasungunuka mu carbonide. Zipolopolo zam'madzi zopanda madzi zimagawanika kukhala ngati ayezi, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti ayezi acetic acid. Zimawononga. Ndi zofooka komanso organic acid, acidity ya asidi, ndipo zingayambitse esterization reactions ndi mowa.

Kapangidwe ka mankhwala:Asidi ya acetic(AcOH) ndi mono-weak carboxylic acid. Ili ndi makhalidwe apadera a carboxylic acids. Imayanjanitsidwa ndi zitsulo zina, ma oxide achitsulo ndi ma hydroxide kuti ipange mchere. Ma acetic acid ambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Basic ferric acetate [Fe(C2H3OO)6OH(OOCCH3)2] ndi [Fe3(C2H3OO)6(OH)2(OOCCH3)] ndi lead acetate zinagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mordant, ndipo ferrous acetate inagwiritsidwa ntchito posindikiza. Acetic acid ndi mowa zinayesedwa. Esterification ingathenso kuchitika ndi unsaturated hydrocarbon pansi pa ntchito ya catalyst. Alpha-hydrogen ikhoza kusinthidwa ndi halogens; Ndipo formaldehyde pansi pa ntchito ya catalyst, kulowa mu Chemicalbook line ya alcohol aldehyde condensation; Pamene nitric acid imayikidwa nitrate mu acetic acid, nitrating rate ikhoza kukwera. Poyanjanitsidwa ndi benzoyl chloride, acetyl chloride ndi benzoic acid zimatha kupangidwa. Asidi ya acetic ingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana zofunika, monga methyl acetate, ethyl ester, propyl ester, butyl ester, ndi zina zotero, ndi solvent yabwino kwambiri mumakampani opanga utoto ndi utoto. Cellulose acetate, yopangidwa ndi kuyanjana kwa acetic anhydride ndi cellulose, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga filimu, utoto wopopera ndi mapulasitiki osiyanasiyana. Carboxymethyl cellulose ikhoza kukonzedwa ndi chloroacetic acid. Vinyl acetate yopangidwa ndi acetic acid ndi acetylene ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri popanga mankhwala, utoto ndi zonunkhira, komanso solvent yofunika kwambiri pochiza rabara. Asidi ya acetic imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga mafakitale ndi kupanga zinthu zachilengedwe.

Munda wofunsira
Kugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale
1. Asidi ya aceticndi mankhwala akuluakulu ndipo ndi amodzi mwa ma organic acid ofunikira kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga ethidine, ethyls ndi ethyl acetate. Polyetate ethyl ester ingapangidwe kukhala filimu ndi guluu, komanso ndi chinthu chopangira ulusi wopangidwa ndi Velun. Ethyl acetic acid cellulose imatha kupanga silika ndi mafilimu opangidwa ndi filimu.
2. Ethyl acetate yopangidwa ndi mowa wotsika ndi yosungunuka bwino kwambiri ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani opanga utoto. Chifukwa chakuti zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe zomwe zimasungunula acetic acid, acetic acid imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri ngati zosungunulira zachilengedwe (mwachitsanzo, popanga phenyl acidic acid acid acidic acid).
3. Acetic acid ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mu njira zina zophikira ndi zopukutidwa, ngati buffer (monga galvanizing ndi chemical nickel plating) mu njira yofooka ya asidi, kuwonjezera zowonjezera mu hemuminal bright nickel-plated electrolyte, ndi passivation ya zinc ndi cadmium. Yankholi likhoza kusintha mphamvu yomangirira ya filimu yofooka ya asidi ndipo nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera pH ya weak acidic plating.
4. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mchere wachitsulo, monga manganese, sodium, lead, aluminiyamu, zinki, cobalt ndi zitsulo zina, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati zoyambitsa, utoto wa nsalu ndi mafakitale opaka utoto wa chikopa. Fouritic acid lead ndi reagent yopangidwa ndi organic (monga tetraitic acid lead ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati oxidant wamphamvu, gwero la acetyl oxygen, komanso kukonzekera mankhwala a organic lead, ndi zina zotero).
5. Asidi ya acetic ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati zinthu zowunikira, kupanga zinthu zachilengedwe, utoto ndi kupanga mankhwala.

Kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya
Mu makampani azakudya,asidi wa aceticimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chowonjezera asidi. Pamene chowonjezera fungo ndi zonunkhira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga viniga wopangidwa, acetic acid imachepetsedwa kufika pa 4-5%, ndipo kukoma kosiyanasiyana kumawonjezedwa. Yotsika mtengo. Monga chowonjezera chowonjezera asidi, chingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zokometsera zophatikizika. Chimakonzedwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito viniga, zitini, jelly ndi tchizi. Muthanso kupanga zosakaniza fungo ndi 0.1 ～ 0.3 g/kg.

Kusungira ndi mayendedwe
Malangizo Osungira: Sungani m'nyumba yosungiramo zinthu yozizira komanso yopuma mpweya. Sungani kutali ndi moto ndi kutentha. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kosungirako kuyenera kupitirira 16℃ kuti kusamaundane. Sungani chidebecho chotsekedwa. Chiyenera kusungidwa padera ndi oxidant ndi alkali, ndipo sichiyenera kusakanikirana. Pali malo ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi ndi mpweya wopumira. Musagwiritse ntchito zida zamakina ndi zida zomwe zimatha kuphulika. Malo osungiramo zinthu ayenera kukhala ndi zida zochizira mwadzidzidzi zomwe zimatuluka ndi zinthu zoyenera zogwirira.

Malangizo Oyendetsera: Katunduyu adzatumizidwa ndi magalimoto a aluminiyamu omwe amaperekedwa ndi makampani opanga aluminiyamu panthawi yoyendetsa sitima, ndipo kuvomerezedwa kwa madipatimenti oyenerera kuyenera kunenedwa asanatumizidwe. Kuyendetsa sitima kosagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zitini kuyenera kuchitika motsatira mndandanda wonyamula katundu woopsa mu "Malamulo Oyendetsa Katundu Oopsa" a Unduna wa Njanji. Kulongedza kuyenera kukhala kokwanira ndipo katunduyo ayenera kukhala wotetezeka. Pakuyendetsa, onetsetsani kuti chidebecho sichikutuluka, kugwa, kugwa kapena kuwonongeka. Galimoto yoyendetsera (thanki) yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa iyenera kukhala ndi unyolo wokhazikika, ndipo gawo la dzenje likhoza kukonzedwa mumtsuko kuti muchepetse magetsi osasinthika omwe amapangidwa ndi kugwedezeka. N'koletsedwa kwambiri kusakaniza ndi mankhwala ophera oxidant, alkali ndi zakudya. Kuyendetsa pamsewu kuyenera kutsatira njira yolangizidwa, musakhale m'malo okhala anthu ambiri komanso okhala ndi anthu ambiri.